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Skeletal system has 2 functions: protect soft organs and provide structure for the body.

It's made of bones, tendons, and ligaments.

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Model of Lungs:  Observe and draw conclusions. 

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Model of Lungs:  Observe and draw conclusions. 

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Check out the model of the lungs.

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The lungs are an essential organ to all mammals. It is the organ that allows for gaseous exchange to ensure we get the enough oxygen into our bodies and also exhale the waste products. Today we're going to find our how lungs work by making a fake lung.

1. Remove the bottom of your bottle.

2. Tie a knot in one end of a balloon and snip of the fat end.

3. Stretch this end around the bottom of your plastic bottle.

4. Put a straw in the neck of the other balloon and secure tightly with the elastic band but not so that you crush the straw. The air must flow through, so test it with a little bow through the straw to see if the balloon inflates.

5. Put the straw and the balloon into the neck of the bottle and secure with the play dough to make a seal around the bottle - make sure that again, you don't crush the straw.

Hold the bottle and pull the knot of the ballon at the bottom. What happens?

You should find that the balloon inside the bottle inflates, and that as you let go it deflates.

Why does this happen?

As the knotted ballon is pulled it creates more space inside the bottle. Air then comes down the straw and fills the balloon with some air to fill the space! When you let go of the knot the space no longer exists, so the air from the balloon is expelled making it deflate.

This demonstrates how our lungs work. Air is taken in through the mouth and nose, passes down the windpipe and into our lungs. The diaphragm at the bottom of our chest moves down to create more space. As we breathe out the diaphragm raises again. The knotted balloon represents the diaphragm and the balloon inside the container the lung.

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The lungs are an essential organ to all mammals. It is the organ that allows for gaseous exchange to ensure we get the enough oxygen into our bodies and also exhale the waste products. Today we're going to find our how lungs work by making a fake lung. 1.

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Function: internal and external movement

Three types of muscles are:

*skeletal: These are voluntary (we have to think about moving them) and they move the skeleton.

* smooth: These are involuntary (brain moves them automatically) and control the organs.

* cardiac: This is another name for the heart muscle. It works automatically, but it's structure is very different from smooth muscles.

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Watch this movie about the muscular system.

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Function: break down food and send it to the circulatory system

You already know these steps: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.

Be sure to also know what each of these do: pancreas, liver, villi, anus.

Digestive system remove the waste food from our bodies, but we have other wastes that also need to be removed.

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How does Your Body Digest Food? - Science Videos for Kids

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The video explains the digestive process and the roles of the stomach, small and large intestines. There is a fun science experiment at the end!

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Function: remove waste from the body

For humans, waste leaves as sweat or urine.

See the website below for the basics of the excretory system. You also need to know 2 more details involved:

1. the liver converts nitrogen waste in the blood to urea, which it sends right back into the blood.

2. Nephron are tiny filters in the kidney that collect waste and send useful substances back to the blood.

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As your body performs the many functions that it needs in order to keep itself alive, it produces wastes. These wastes are chemicals that are toxic and that if left alone would seriously hurt or even kill you.

For example, as your cells break down amino acids, they produce a dangerous toxin known as urea. The cells of your body excrete this urea into your blood.

Your Kidneys

As your blood travels along within your body, it becomes more and more polluted with urea and other wastes.Eventually the blood enters a special filter, an organ known as your kidneys. As the blood enters your kidneys it is cleansed.Your kidneys remove the urea from the blood, sending it to your bladder for storage in the form of urine, commonly known as pee.It takes about 45 minutes for your kidneys to completely filter all of the blood in your body.

Your Bladder

Slowly your bladder fills up with the urine being produced by your kidneys. Eventually as it becomes full, you will feel a sensation telling your brain that you need to remove it from your body. Urine leaves your body through the process of urination, commonly known as peeing.

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As your body performs the many functions that it needs in order to keep itself alive, it produces wastes. These wastes are chemicals that are toxic and that if left alone would seriously hurt or even kill you. For example, as your cells break down amino acids, they produce a dangerous toxin known as urea.

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Function: carry food and oxygen to the individual cells of the body

Parts: hear, arteries, veins, capillaries

As blood travels through the body, it's dropping off oxygen and digested food to each individual cell. It constantly travels away from the heart- to the cells- then back to the heart. By the time it gets back to the heart, it's almost out of its oxygen. That's OK, though, because half-way through the heart, it pitstops at the lungs and loads up through the alveoli.

The capillaries are tiny vessels that allow oxygen and food to pass through them to the cells.

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Video: Heart and circulatory system - How they work

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Watch this video to see how a healthy heart works.

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Function: bring oxygen into body

For fish, the gills pull oxygen into the body. We're focusing on human respiratory system, which consists of lungs and all the tubes leading to them. Air travels through the nose or mouth and trachea to the lungs. Once it's in the lungs, it goes through smaller tubes called bronchi. Inside the alveoli are tiny thin-walled sacs called alveoli. Alveoli are thin enough that oxygen can pass through them into the circulatory system. These tiny pockets are the connector between the 2 body systems.

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MUSC Health: a leading academic medical center serving the Southeast

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MUSC Health is a leading, nationally ranked comprehensive academic medical center. The clinical enterprise of the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston consists of a 750-bed medical center, physicians practice plan and College of Medicine.

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Function: help the body respond to its environment

It has 2 parts that work together;

1. Central Nervous System - brain and spinal cord

2. Peripheral Nervous System- all other nerves (besides the ones in CNS) and the sense organs

Nerve cells are called neurons. There are 3 kinds of neurons: sensory, motor, and associative. Each type does a different job.

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Watch this movie about your nervous system, starring your brain.