# data[].attributes.body
The idea to read like a writer is to examine the things that we read, analyzing at a variety of writerly techniques in a text that we can apply into our own

We can adopt the techniques that we read in a text from an author and apply them in our own writing

Knowing the context of the reading and basing some questions to answer about a text can greatly help our understanding about the purpose of a text.

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To write without a purpose, situation, and situation is impossible because these rules add sense to our writing by setting boundaries that make the topic/content more focused and specific in which they connect with one another.

Each writing situation is different, in which we have to consider a number of rules such as context, audience, and purpose. This challenging for students at the high school level to learn because all teachers have different expectations.

in order for writers to develop, they have to learn to make mistakes and fail in order to grow.

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Because we hold the definition of being an author to such a high standard, we often become intimidated by such a daunting standard and therefore make our potential in writing limited.

because published writings seem so polished in comparison to others, it is very well difficult for people to realize/grasp the many editing processes authors undergo before finalizing their works.

Based off of the experiences and practices of writers, the true definition of creative and original writing requires inspiration from the works of other's, in which we can engage more in social writing where we can collaborative conversations with others.

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the common ideology where there is only one correct way to speak and write English devalues minorities who come from a vastly diverse culture and background.

the current literary concepts that are being taught implicitly force students to stray away from their cultural differences and attempt to practice a particular set of values.

the education system is catered towards a specific group of people, the middle/upper class.

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One of the main arguments for making American English the official language is that Americans should not be faced with the inconvenience of attempting to understand or learn other languages.

By making english the official language, it completely dismisses the cultural diversity and identity of immigrants which are a significant part of them

Being Plurilingualar has many benefits, such as extensive vocabulary and translation. It also leads to better cognitive skills.

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Because writing has been changed so much since the turn of the new century, it requires new models and curriculum in terms of how it should be taught

The development in American philosophy, theory, and technology has created context in which change should occur

We have entered a new age of literary development, one that focuses on networking and social practices which are vastly different from the “pencil-paper” practices from before.

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Students are taught in high school to view writing as a chore they must do in order to earn a letter grade, rather than a way to learn

Memorization is unintentionally encouraged, not originality or creativity in writing

In college writing, students are not as grounded to rules and have more liberty in their writing

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the focus on fixing grammatical errors strays away from the more important aspects of writing, such as themes, argument, and overall structure of the text.

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Reading is an extremely important ability so student should still work on their comprehension skills throughout college as all fields of work rely on reading

Reading helps students learn to recognize patterns in different texts and teaches them how to use those patterns in their own writing

Students perform better in both reading and writing when they are instructed both simultaneously

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Revision is just as important, if not, more than the drafting/writing process

It takes countless revisions for a writer to make in order to have an essay considered polished

Famous works such as “I Have a Dream” are considered perfect but in reality, they have gone through many revisions of trial and error

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Reading in a particular way can make you a better writer.

When you Read Like a Writer you work to identify some of the choices the author made so you can make these choices in your own writing.

You should ask yourself important questions about the writing when you are reading the text.

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College writing is not just writing what you know, but students write to learn what they don’t know.

To succeed in college, writers need to be able to take thinking risks.

College writing requires you to unlearn and relearn what you already know about writing from high school.

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WAC programs help professors across disciplines create better assignments which helps students become better writers.

Melzer’s study shows that it’s more beneficial to have alternative types of writing assignments.

Feedback is important in learning to read and write.

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Reading and writing are connected and they should be taught together.

College and universities privilege writing over reading, but this is wrong.

Reading is just as creative as writing.

There are many strategies that professors can use to improve students’ writing and reading simultaneously.

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Writing and revision are one in the same.

Effective revision is making smart changes.

Even the best writers require lots of revision.

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There is a general sentiment that writing is rooted in something called traditional rhetoric which focuses on a “correct” way of writing.

Minority students and lower class students are at a disadvantage because they face barriers in terms of culture, language, and literacy.

There needs to be a new view of writing which encourages people to adapt to their audience and context rather than having a standard version of the English language.

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There is a false notion that writing is only created by geniuses like Shakespeare, Emerson, and Orwell, but in reality, writing is a difficult task for everyone.

This same idea leads students to hold back on originality and creativity in their writing because they aim for perfection.

The author myth was forged way back in Western history, almost to 1st-century Europe.

Writing requires social engagement and using others’ influence.

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There is no such thing as writing in general because there is always a specific writing task that must fit requirements.

Context, audience, purpose, medium, history, and values impact writing.

We use our past experiences of writing to write in different situations, but we must re-learn some aspects of writing in new situations.

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Writing that is truly democratic values all languages and identities.

The idea of English being considered an official language is very narrow-minded and it devalues the experiences of immigrants.

We should embrace the plurilingual nature of language and our community.

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Writing and the writing process has evolved greatly throughout history and the new age of technology is changing the game.

Writing is becoming more social and it is more widely known to require a lot of peer interactions.

There are many challenges that come with writing like developing a new curriculum that will be more beneficial to students.

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1-In reading, you can learn the author's writing technique and style.

2-Be full of questions when reading, so that you can understand the content better, and it will also make reading more fun

3-Ask yourself to investigate the writer’s background and the writer’s intentions in the question of reading. These are the training of the mind and the effective improvement of reading and writing skills.

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1-Writing is thinking, The essence of writing is to express thinking, which is very important

2-writing in high school has many restrictions that restrict students' thinking. Writing in college will let you give full play to all your thoughts and ideas

3 College writing will be opinions on their own ideas, research on things they don't know and their own views

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1-Homework needs attention. Homework is to improve your ability.

2-Writing is to express your creative thinking and understanding of things. Don't affect your ideas because of external reasons

3-Writing is not only used in college, it will be involved in your future life. Writing well in college is to lay a good foundation in the future.

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1-High school English reading will account for a larger proportion of writing, but writing will account for more than reading in college

2The essence of reading is to understand the article, analyze the writing in it, and learn knowledge through your own thinking after reading,

3 reading can learn to use methods and learn the author's writing techniques. Writing is the expression of ideas.

Writing and reading together will improve us more quickly

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1-Revision is a necessary step for writing, and an important step for writing level and article quality

2-Revision is a good thing. Only when you find your own shortcomings can you get help, and then you can think more about your topic in the revision.

3-Revision is like an exercise in your own writing. Constant revision in your essay can consolidate your knowledge

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1-Writing is influenced by growth environment, family environment, personal experience, and culture

2-The middle class in the United States wanted the same thinking and writing. At that time, different cultures and lower classes carried out cultural suppression.

3-The author writes that the essence of writing is through your own experience and emotions, not to be assimilated, to be yourself

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1-The author says that people's understanding of writing genius is so deified that many people are afraid of writing

2-Many people understand that a gifted writer does not need contact with the outside world or experience. When he is born, he has creativity. This is wrong. Any writing needs experience and ideas, and all writing needs inspiration.

3-Many people regard seeking inspiration and reference as plagiarism. In fact, writing needs to find inspiration in life or reference  from other people's works after find inspiration and write your own ideas and articles

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1-There are no rules for writing. Everyone is different. What he writes in different environments and emotions is different.

2-Before writing, you must clearly know the audience of your article

3-Writing is in different emotions and environments, which will affect your writing style. Remember the feeling at the time so that you can use it in subsequent articles to make your article more vivid.

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1-Immigrants come to the United States to learn English, better communicate with others, and understand government services,

2-The native language of immigrants is a gift. Learning English is to help you communicate better. The native language is the culture of your own country. The United States is a multicultural country and hopes to get the culture of more countries. Learning English is not to give up your mother tongue and culture.

3-Don't limit your thoughts in learning English. English is used to express your ideas. Learning English can better share your country's culture with others

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1-It describes the evolution of writing from the 20th century to the 21st century, and at that time, writing was very difficult, and many people were unable to express their ideas.

2-The invention of computers in the 21st century has a great impact on writing, can better communicate children and ideas, young people have new social methods, and have made great progress in teaching.

3-In the real progress, the innovation of teaching methods, writing tests, AP, these are constantly improving

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-Read like a writer to learn about the choices and techniques from different authors.
-Ask question while you read not only based off context but also choices made in literary style
-Prior research on the context and purpose will allow you to make better realizations in the reading about authors' decisions.

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-Writing was always done to please a professor/ teacher in order for a grade which prevents learning a variety of needed skills.
-Writing in college promotes thinking and making your own choices in writing which allows creative freedom.
-In college students will unfortunately have to un-learn bad techniques and habits made in high school and relearn teachings we may have forgotten about.

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-reading and writing are connected and should not be thought of separately.
-reading and writing are just as important as one another.
- reading helps us learn different methods and techniques that we can apply in our own writing

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-there is no one correct way to write and this ideology devalues people who are trying to learn how to write

-lower-working class minorities suffer the most from this educational debt

-The educational deficit in minorities isn’t from lack of opportunities rather than how they are treated.

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-Writing is a tool to understand things better through research and creating a plan to teach others.
-revise with a purpose rather than solely fixing grammatical mistakes.
-Writing is a fundamentally needed skill for any type of future job or career one desires.

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-Revision is a key step towards publishing literary works.
-Revision is not one step as many good writers will revise many times throughout their writing process.
-Revision is not editing and requires smart and thoughtful steps in order to get the desired published piece.

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-You dont have to be a genius to write.
-Genius writers place unrealistic expectations on everyday writers.
-All writers feel the same or similar when it comes to writing.
-Writing is and will always be a collaborative endeavor.

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-Writing is always particular.

-writing has context, audience, purpose, medium, history, and values of community.

-writing in general is a false narrative that makes writers believe the writing is easier.

-writing with a "general" approach hurts writers  and employers.

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-Legal policies push for an official US language.

-Official english is actually a front for nationalist conceptions in regards to immigration and assimilation.

-Embrace all languages in the U.S. as gifts.

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-Through writing people can emphasize their own control.

-In the 20th century writing typically was influenced by science and progressives.

-In the 60s-80s a writing process appeared.

-21st century digital technology has created writers everywhere.

-New composing is used more for participation (age of composition:social writing).

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1. Arguing in favor of English as the official language of the United States forces a narrow view of national unity.

2. Focusing on writing that is centralized around social justice and democratic pluralism contributes to better outcomes surrounding local, national, and global struggles.

3. The English-only argument dismisses the human struggles of immigrants and bilingual education.

4. Celebrating the gifts and importance of all languages is liberating and equates to social justice across all languages.

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1. While it is important to realize the role that 20th century writing has played, it is also vital to understand the nuances of 21st century writing and the impact that technology has on it.

2. New models of composing should be developed that distinguish composition from testing.

3. A new model of writing should be designed for K through graduate school that includes a more comprehensive curriculum and instruction.

4. New models for teaching should be developed to include collaborative efforts that promote conversations with students and the world.

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1. There is no such thing as writing in general; writing is always in particular.

2. The context, audience, and purpose impact writing in each unique situation.

3. The myth that we can learn to “write in general” is a dangerous construct that hurts students and frustrates professionals.

4. Writers always have more to learn, and failure is a part of the writing process.

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1. The construct of genius authors misguides everyday writers and imposes unrealistic expectations on them.

2. Genius authors are portrayed as independent people who do not experience struggle, and produce strictly original content.

3. Writing consists of borrowing ideas, remixing existing texts, and collaborating with others

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1. The “rules” of writing are dependent on the people and community involved, in addition to the purpose and type of writing.

2. By adhering to the standards of current traditional rhetoric, we are devaluing other dialects, cultures, and identities.

3. The first step in combating this construct is to recognize and acknowledge how our correctness bolsters the inequality of those who are already marginalized such as immigrants, women, the working class, rural, and African American literacy.

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1. Reading like a writer allows you to identify some of the choices that the author has made.

2. Identifying those choices can allow you to understand how they might arise in your own writing.

3. Going one step further and imagining what different choices the author might have made instead can allow you to expand your horizons.

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1. Writing is thinking.

2. College students are in charge of their education and similarly, good writing.

3. Writing must be seen as opportunity, exploration, and discovery, and not duty, obligation, or regurgitation.

4. A successful college writer is not writing for a good grade, but to learn and think more deeply.

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1. Rich, varied writing assignments and opportunities for feedback contribute to better student papers.

2. University writing programs are incredibly vital to students, in addition to availability of support from university writing and tutor centers.

3. Professors should work to create great writing assignments for their students

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1. Reading and writing are connected practices, and the best way to teach them is together.

2. It is a bad idea to privilege writing at the expense of reading.

3. The deficiency in college student’s reading skills causes a variety of problems, especially when it comes to media literacy.

4. Rhetorical writing must be taught as it is often encountered in the world

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1. The concept that good writers can easily construct great writing without revision is wrong.

2. All writers need revision because it allows for clearer, stronger, and more passionate writing.

3. Revision is less about proofreading for grammar and spelling mistakes, and more about questioning the purpose, the audience, and the structure.

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1) Reading and writing go hand and hand with each other

2) The best readers and writers do the other just as good because they are both used as a learning process

3) Reading like a writer means analyzing the text just like one would as a write

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1) Writing is thinking and whatever goes on in one’s mind is what ends up on the paper

2)College reading and writing is infinitely different from high school or middle school because the expectations of the professors are way higher and the quality of work should be improved.

3)Professors can only help students so much, and it gets to the point where students are responsible for the education and not the teachers

4)Writing is not easy in any way, and the best writers out there have already accepted that and face it every time

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1) Revision is an essential part to any essay

2) The best revision is making smaller more important ones rather than changing big chunks

3) the best of the best need little to no revision whereas beginners need a lot no matter how good they think their writing is

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1. There is no one correct way of speaking or writing

2. Communication changes for everyone depending where they come from

3. People need to be given equal opportunity in order to all see speaking and writing the same.

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1. There are multiple myths about writing that are both good and bad

2. The greatest writers didn’t get there instantly. It took a lot of time and work

3. Getting to the top of the writing hierarchy will not be easy and people who want to have to prepare to sacrifice

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1. There is no such thing as writing in general

2. Writing will always have a purpose no matter what

3. Writing is all about experience and the more someone does it, the better they will get

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1) The english language is narrowing the diversity and limits the unity of people in America

2) Instead of excluding and ignoring the people who don’t speak english, people should take them in and learn from them.

3) English has such a deep history in the U.S. that it would be a “crime” to not keep it as its primary language

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1) Writing has changed so much that it has came to an online and digital thing

2) We face three challenges that are also opportunities: developing new models of writing; designing a new curriculum supporting those models; and creating models for teaching that curriculum.

3) Writing has changed so much from when it was first introduced that it is taught in a completely different way and almost nothing remains from the original teaching.

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1. We have multiple models of composing operating simultaneously, each informed by new publication practices, new materials, and new vocabulary.
2. Challenges are also opportunities—to help students create the texts of their lives as we connect to and carry forward the larger history of composing.
3. Develop new writing models; design new courses that support these models; and create models for the teaching of that course.

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1. Learn how our writing repertoires move beyond and between languages. Instead of standardized monolingual writing in English terms, we can instead turn to how writing grounded in social justice and democratic pluralism connects local, national, and global struggles that challenge language nationalism.
2, The real limit for all students is mainstreaming policy that cuts away at the plurilingual gifts of our nation. All Americans stand to gain by learning to speak, read, and write many languages.
3.The narrow-minded view that English-only is the only model for literacy learning should be put to rest.
4.The reading of the word to re-read the world and the opportunity to rewrite is where this hybridity can overcome the liberating potential to envision social justice across languages.

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*When we write it is a step-by-step process and if the author was reading word for word he too was doing something similar to writing. The author makes a connection between reading and writing and how reading strengthens his writing

*It is beneficial to read to understand concepts, but more beneficial to analyze the decisions, techniques, and skills applied by authors in their writing to then apply to your own in order to strengthen it

*Reading like a writer allows you to see how a text was put together so that you may use those strategies and abilities to put together your own writing, this type of reading is beneficial to college students and should get in the habit of reading like this.

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1. The idea that there is one correct way of writing devalues the writing, thoughts, intelligence, and identities of people from lower-class backgrounds.
2. Everyone has a different way of writing, and there is no universal way of writing. Because of the difference, the writing becomes special and meaningful.
3, I hope everyone can write and love to express themselves, and we can understand your culture and ideas.

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*Contrast the transition of high school writing to college writing

*Claims writing is thinking

*Bring up expectations that are expected in college

* Brings up that in college you do not write about what you know but instead “uncover what students don’t know”

*Take risks in college writing

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1. Authors don't act in isolation but rather themselves surrounded by other ideas, people, and writing.
2.Writing requires talking to friends, asking help from colleagues,  nding answers and ideas in others’ writings, and indulging in those practices. We embrace collaboration over isolation, and it is precisely this model of writing that we argue education should promote to writers and students everywhere.
3. As both history and contemporary practice demonstrate, writ- ing has always required deep social engagement and in uence, and no writer has succeeded solely due to preternatural intellect or talent.

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1. Writing is always in particular.
2. Every new situation, audience, and purpose requires writers to learn to do and understand new possibilities and constraints for their writing.
3. There is no writing in general, that writers always have more to learn, that failing or struggling are a normal part of writing.

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1. Instead of reading for content or to better understand the ideas in the writing, you are trying to understand how the piece of writing was put together by the author and what you can learn about writing by reading a particular text.
2. We should have questions in our mind when we are reading and writing.
3. Reading like a writer can help you understand how the process of writing is a series of making choices, and in doing so, can help you recognize important decisions you might face and techniques you might want to use when working on your own writing.
4. The kinds of questions you ask should be deter- mined by the genre of writing you are reading.

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1. Writing is thinking. Writing will lend you toward thought.
2. College writing is different precisely because it moves beyond the limited conception that writing is writing what we already know.
3. This thinking need not produce ideas you already know to be true, but should explore meanings and attitude and questions

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1. Make purposeful changes, not grammatical errors.
2.Writing is a tool of expression.
3. Most of the assignments were limited in purpose. But the purpose is to improve your writing skill.
4. Offering multiple opportunities for feedback in a non-test scenario takes a lot more work, which will also be used in future life.

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1. There are many universities that can do writing and reading together.
2. Although students’ eyes may see every word clearly, it does not mean that students have understood the text or they are ready to successfully complete reading-related writing tasks. These tasks usually involve summary, analysis, and explanation. And evaluation.
3. Reading and writing are interrelated, they further express, analyze and think.

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1. Writers need revision because revision is not a discrete step. Revision is not the thing writers do when they’re done writing. Revision is the writing.
2. Revision is not a sign of weakness or inexperienced or poor writing. It is the writing.
3, Revision as writing is an idea that we should not abandon or trash.
4, Revision is a necessary step for the college level essay.

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*Professors are not creating helpful/creative assignments for their students

*Assignments are a rich source of creating critical thinking

*In a study, most assignments lacked initiative also Professors focus too much on grammatical correctness rather than getting back responses rich of critical thinking

* Institutions with WAC programs had a drastic improvement than those who didn't

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*Reading and writing are connected and are both equally essential to learning

*Reading and writing make students engage in critical thinking and strengthens skills like comprehension and communication

*College institutions must stop prioritizing writing before reading and professors must understand that just because a student reads a text does not mean they fully understand it and need to teach essential skills to read challenging texts.

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*Professional writers don't always get it perfect the first time

*Revision isn't only editing or correcting grammar mistakes; it's also not a step you take after you've finished, it is deeper and can’t be skipped

*If you don't have anything to modify, don't revise; if you do, revising will only strengthen your writing

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*There is not just one correct way to speak and write in English

*The most highly regarded literature is found in white middle- and upper-class culture, which is based on accuracy

*Students from all ethnic backgrounds are getting greater access to quality education, but they're experiencing difficulty breaking through barriers due to the sort of writing that's praised

*Sticking to one way to speak and write has an emphasis on accuracy, which fosters inequality and influences our own perceptions of others

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*Misconception that only geniuses can be writers and that these geniuses just came to be and write perfectly on their own

*Genius writers such as; Shakespeare, Emerson, Orwell have set these unrealistic expectations that we must be original and amazing writers on our own

* Reality is these writers are just like us, confused, frustrated, tried etc

*Writing should be a collaborative effort that involves a continuous and profound interaction with the words and thoughts of others.

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*You cannot write in general because writing must meet different needs for different situations

*Because applied writers cannot acquire what they need to know in new writing circumstances, the concept of general writing must perish

*A better understanding of writing is using memory based methods.

*To excel in writing, you must have an open mind to learn and embrace challenges.

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*English-only supporters argue that immigrants must learn to read, write, and speak in English proficiently and should be denied access to materials in other languages in order to be pushed to learn English.

*Immigrants are urged to relinquish a major component of their identity (language) in order to participate in the democratic process, therefore harming how the US sees linguistic gifts,  English-only activists regard immigrants as burdens in public systems.

*Students are limited when they are cut off from their plurilingual potential that brings upon so many gifts

*disprove the claim that English is the sole standard for literacy education

*Plurilingual learning is supported by research, which indicates that bilinguals have a variety of vocabulary, good translating, speaking, and interpreting skills, and remarkable imaginative/critical thinking skills.

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*The author's objective is to motivate teachers to assist students to write consistently and to do so quite well so that they can become citizen composers in the twenty-first century

* report addresses five historical viewpoints of writing and composition education before the 20th century, along with two developments that affected the education and research of the writing process all throughout 20th century

*explains the significance of the twenty-first century's developments and differences

*3 tasks teachers must take, describe the new composing models that are emerging directly before our eyes, create a new writing curricula for kindergarten throughout graduate school, plus establish new teaching methods.

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1) Writing consists of all of the individual choices that the writer makes.

2) Reading like a writer means to take each choice a writer makes into consideration so you can learn how to use those choices for yourself.

3) Context is an important factor in both reading and writing.

4) You must ask yourself questions and take your own purpose for reading into consideration as you read like a writer.

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1) Writing is an opportunity for students to think.

2) In high school, students write to demonstrate what they already know, while in college, students write to learn.

3) College students start to take more responsibility for their problems and their schoolwork.

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1) Many assignments that students are given are limited to the purpose of explaining what they learned about a topic to the reader.

2) Instructors prioritize technicalities in writing assignments, such as grammar, over the content that students have written.

3) Journaling assignments help students write to learn.

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1) In schools, writing is prioritized over reading.

2) Reading and writing are inherently connected, students learn to recognize patterns from their reading when they write.

3) Students struggle to comprehend and analyze what they read.

Reading is equally as creative and active as writing.

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1) Revision is an essential part of writing, and revision is writing.

2) The number of revisions doesn’t matter, what matters is the effectiveness of your revision.

3) Revision is something that people do all time, and all writers revise.

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1) People communicate in different ways depending on who they are communicating with.

2) Currently, what society views as the “correct” way of writing and speaking is the way of speaking typical for white middle class culture.

3) The idea that there is only one “correct” way of communicating spreads the idea that the ways people from different cultural backgrounds communicate are “wrong” or inferior in some way.

4) Writing is taught in a way that frames what has been thought of as the socially acceptable way of writing as “good”.

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1) People have been lead to believe that all great writers work in solitude and from completely original ideas

2) This image of writers that people have been taught is harming them by giving people unrealistic expectations of authorship along with their own writing.

3) People are led to believe that great writers get their ideas without any influence, but the truth is that writing is a collaborative and social process.

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1) It is not possible to write “in general”, writing is always specific.

2) As writers transition from one environment to the next, initially they will struggle because they have to take time to adjust to the new standards expected of them.

3) One does not stop learning about writing, writers will be able to write better if they accept the fact that they are always learning and need to give themselves permission to struggle from time to time.

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1) Those that advocate for English-only legislation believe that immigrants should have to learn English in order to assimilate into the United States and participate in the democratic process.

2) Diversity in language is a gift, not something that needs to be fixed.

3) Learning English is seen as an economic benefit and a survival tactic, even if it means losing their home language.

4) Embracing the idea that monolingual English is sufficient detriments everybody.

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1) Reading is valued more than writing because reading allows society to transmit ideas to students.

2) In the past, writing required a lot more effort, but now technology makes writing easier than ever.

3) Self sponsored writing is writing that belongs to the writer, students and other people engage in this type of writing all the time.

4) Different forms of literacy are learned alongside each other, not in a sequential order.

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1. Writing is a word-by-word, sentence-by-sentence process. This means that writing is a series of choices.
2. When you read like a writer you work to identify some of the choices the author made so that you can better understand how such choices might arise in your own writing.
3. You are reading to see how something was constructed so that you can construct something similar yourself.

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1. Writing is thinking. This is what is taught at college level writing that is not reinforced in high school.
2. In high school, writing is approached differently than in college. It is approached as more of a chore instead of an opportunity to demonstrate what the student knows.
3. In college, writing is about discovering what you don’t know.

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1. What professors are asking their students to write is as important as what students end up writing.
2. Most writing assignments ask the students to inform their reader, where the professor is the examiner.
3. Students need the ability to let things flow in their writing in order to build fluency.

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1. It is a bad idea to continue privileging writing at the expense of reading.
2. Although writing is more often thought of as a creative act, reading is just as creative. The reader interacts with ideas and creates meaning by bringing their perspective, personal experience, and background into the text.
3. Corporate recruiters said that strong communication skills were a priority.

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1. All writers need revision because it is an important part in the writing process.
2. Effective revision isn’t making changes for the sake of change, but instead making smarter changes.
3. Revision is not a sign of weakness or inexperienced or poor writing. It is the writing.

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1. The rules for writing shift with the people and the community involved as well as the purpose and type of writing.
2. The correct way to write and speak is rooted in middle-class white culture.
3. The notion of one correct way of writing is also troubling because it operates under the assumption that linguistic differences are the result of error.

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1. Writing is hard for everyone.
2. Writers today have unrealistic expectations.
3. The invention of the genius created the myth that authors are not imitators, they are originators.
4. There was a lot of imitation in ancient cultures.

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1. There is no such thing as writing in general.
2. Context, audience, purpose, medium, history, and values of the community all impact what writing is and needs to be in each situation.
3. How writing works is that one recognizes after learning the basic skills that everything a writer does is impacted by the situation in which she is writing.

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1. Debate in favor of the English language as the official language of the country emphasizes the narrowness of national diversity in different languages.
2. Thinking that English as the official language will bring us together and improve our communication is a myth because it strips immigrants from their identities, and forces them to work harder to get ahead.
3. There is research that has been done that proves how bilingual practices improve plurilingual learning.
4. Writing should embrace all the languages of a community in order to unite us better.

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1. In today’s world we face three challenges in writing: developing new models of writing, designing a new curriculum supporting those models, and creating modules for teaching that curriculum.
2. In the past, we have experienced the need to write, we have created new methods of writing, and we have endured the labor of writing.
3. As we have improved our networking and communication abilities, it seems as if writers are everywhere and anyone can be a writer. All it takes is the knowledge of composition, organization, and audience.

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-Always question what you are doing like your audience, your writing, how formal,informal etc

-reading like a writer can take a while but as you ask yourself questions, you can soon formulate your own question and then possible elevate your writing like Bishop

-Marking up the text as you learn seems to be effective in understanding the text to figure out techniques used in the author's work.

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-Writing is thinking: the need to use this opportunity for your mind to think so that you can use writing as a medium to write down your thoughts in research or whatever

-”Be willing to take thinking risks” as well as “writing risks” when writing (basically saying to explore your writing style)

-unlearn your previous writing habits that can affect your college writing and  relearn what you might already know but more efficiently to mature in your writing

-you should be responsible for what you are learning and your success.