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Csikszentmihalyi, M.  & Hermanson K.  (1994 ) ‘Instrinsic motivation in museum: why does one want to learn?’.  In Hooper-Greenhill, E. (1994) The Educational Role of the Museum (2nd edition), Routledge pp146 - 160

Csikszentmihayli, M. (2004), Flow, the Secret to Happiness, TEDTalks at  https://www.ted.com/talks/mihaly_csikszentmihalyi_on_flow?language=en#t-277282 (last accessed: 20.11.19)

Hooper-Greenhill, E. (2007) Museums and Education: Purpose, Pedagogy, Performance, Routledge

Poria, Y., Reichel, A. & Biran A. (2006) ‘Heritage Site Perceptions and Motivations to Visit’, Journal of Travel Research, Vol.  44.  DOI: 10.1177/0047287505279004

Simon, N. (2010) ‘The Participatory Museum’ Museum 2.0

Department for Culture, Media & Sport, 2016, The Culture White Paper, Crown Publishing: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/510798/DCMS_The_Culture_White_Paper__3_.pdf (last accessed: 20.11.19)

Project Ability (2011) The video of Clare Hume’s talk is now available, https://www.project-ability.co.uk/blog/the-video-of-clare-humes-talk-is-now-available/ (last accessed: 20.11.19)

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All photos come from google searches or Padlet stock images.  Websites and videos are linked to the original and listed in bibliography.

Background picture: Forest of Numbers by Emmanuelle Moureaux

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'Flow: The Secret of Happiness'

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Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi: Flow, the secret to happiness

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Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi asks, "What makes a life worth living?" Noting that money cannot make us happy, he looks to those who find pleasure and lasting satisfaction in activities that bring about a state of "flow."

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Education has always been at the heart of museums, with many established specifically to provide educational opportunities for the public and to be centres for research and scholarship...

But in recent years, museums have begun to re-examine what education means for them and there has been a growing emphasis on the importance of all kinds of learning within museums.

This has partly been in response to government policy but has also grown out of recognition in the sector that the unique educational potential of museums was not being realised.

An influential report, first published in 1997 and revised in 1999 helped to set the agenda. 'A Common Wealth' by David Anderson, Director of Learning at the Victoria & Albert Museum made the case that museums could offer much better services to learners of all kinds, from family groups to pupils and students pursuing courses at all levels. Anderson argued that education needed more resources and needed a higher profile within museums.

Since its publication, many of the ideas in the Anderson report have become mainstream. Several initiatives have helped to raise the profile of education still further. Education has been a key theme in the implementation of Renaissance.

DfES and DCMS have jointly invested in programmes that strengthen the capacity of museums and galleries to support children and young people's education. Funders such as the Heritage Lottery Fund have encouraged applicants to include specific learning elements within their projects. DfES is developing a manifesto for Education Outside the Classroom, which highlights the contribution that museums and others can make to children's learning.

Inspiring Learning for All was launched by MLA in 2004 as a new vision for museums learning. It is accompanied by a toolkit which is designed to help museums develop their own learning good practice and is being used consistently across the UK.
Click here to see the Inspiring Learning for All website
Within museums, education services have improved. Capital investment through the National Lottery has created new dedicated education facilities. There are more education staff within museums, although too many of these are still employed on short-term contracts related to specific projects.

Following the publication of the Anderson report, the MA played a key role in setting up and running the Campaign for Learning through Museums and Galleries (CLMG) along with consortium partners.

CLMG now operates as a kind of think tank, developing ideas for the future of learning in museums.
The MA view
The emphasis on learning in museums has been a very welcome development and has improved the experience of visiting museums for many people.

However, recent government initiatives have tended to focus on formal learning, particularly linked to the school curriculum. Although museums are well placed to support the school curriculum, they can do much more than that and the MA does not want to see museums' educational activities artificially limited to the school curriculum.

Museum decision-makers have moved on from regarding education as peripheral. But research for the MA's Collections for the Future report indicated that there is still not enough understanding of the opportunities museums have to help people be inspired and enthused about what they encounter.

And in too many museums, learning is still marginalised and seen as the province of the education department. The sector needs to encourage more imagination and courage in working with audiences and communicating collections.

A Common Wealth: go to www.culture.gov.uk, click on Publications, choose Archive 1999 and Museums and Galleries

Group for Education in Museums: www.gem.org.uk

DCMS: Museums education

DfES: TeacherNet, Museums and Galleries

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The education agenda | Museums Association

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Education has always been at the heart of museums, with many established specifically to provide educational opportunities for the public and to be centres for research and scholarship...

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Claire Hume's video of encouraging adults with learning difficulties into the museum.

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Drama artist Clare Hume spent three days in residence in Trongate 103 last June, as part of the Everyone@T103 programme. She then gave a very interesting talk about her few days here, which you can now see here.

Everyone@Trongate103 is an action research programme exploring public engagement and access throughout Trongate 103, in particular how visitors with profound and complex learning disabilities occupy and inform the space. The next talk will be by artist John Shankie on Thursday 1st September, 5pm-6pm.

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The video of Clare Hume's talk is now available - Project Ability

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Drama artist Clare Hume spent three days in residence in Trongate 103 last June, as part of the Everyone@T103 programme. She then gave a very interesting talk about her few days here, which you can now see here. Everyone@Trongate103 is...Read On

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"The Inspiring Learning for All Framework was launched in 2008 by the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council (MLA). It was initially created as a self-help tool to enable museums, libraries and archives to develop their learning offer".

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We believe that great art and culture makes life better. We champion, develop and invest in experiences that enrich people's lives. We support activities across the arts, museums and libraries and between 2018 and 2022, we will invest £1.45 billion of public money from government and an estimated £860 million from the National Lottery to help create these experiences for as many people as possible across the country.

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The UK government's 2016 culture white paper, which is the first for 50 years, and only the second ever published.

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Listen here! :)