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"The music of 46 videos left by the Finnish Jokela High School shooter is analyzed in the context of the cultural script of the shootings."

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School shootings have had an enormous cultural impact on discussions about youth worldwide. Studies on school shootings have not yet considered the complex nature of youth subcultures, often blaming particular subcultures or cultural products. This article analyzes how school shooters use different cultural products including books, films and, especially, music. The interest lies in examining how particular cultural products are woven into the fabric of the cultural script of school shootings. The music of 46 videos left by the Finnish Jokela High School shooter is analyzed in the context of the cultural script of the shootings. School shooters are not only fascinated by previous shootings but are also fans of similar cultural products. Music is actively used as a reference. Shooters actively searched for lyrics that enforce the idea of revolutionary violence. Internet videos offered a channel for shooters to interact with other people.

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Soundtrack of the School Shootings: Cultural Script, Music and Male Rage - Tomi Kiilakoski, Atte Oksanen, 2011

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School shootings have had an enormous cultural impact on discussions about youth worldwide. Studies on school shootings have not yet considered the complex nature of youth subcultures, often blaming particular subcultures or cultural products. This article analyzes how school shooters use different cultural products including books, films and, especially, music.

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"10 years. 180 school shootings. 356 victims."

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Killed

Injured

William Penn High School (New Castle, DE)

Dunbar Vocational Career Academy (Chicago, IL)

Cahokia High School (Cahokia, IL)

Zebulon Middle School (Zebulon, NC)

Central High School (Detroit, MI)

Westover High School (Fayetteville, NC)

Chimborazo Elementary School (Richmond, VA)

Leestown Middle School (Lexington, KY)

Aplington-Parkersburg High School (Parkersburg, IA)

Mattituck High School (Mattituck, NY)

Wilson High School (Long Beach, CA) Brockton High School (Brockton, MA)

Booker T. Washington High School (Shreveport, LA)

Millard South High School (Omaha, NE)

Gardena High School (Gardena, CA)

Louisiana Schnell Elementary School (Placerville, CA)

Martinsville West Middle School (Martinsville, IN)

Worthing High School (Houston, TX)

Sheeler Charter High School (Apopka, FL)

Ross Elementary School (Houston, TX)

Highlands Intermediate School (Pearl City, HI)

Horizon Elementary School (Everett, WA)

Chandler Park Academy (Harper Woods, MI)

Cape Fear High School (Fayetteville, NC)

Harwell Middle School (Edinburg, TX)

North Forest High School (Houston, TX)

Armin Jahr Elementary (Bremerton, WA)

Chardon High School (Chardon, OH)

Episcopal School of Jacksonville (Jacksonville, FL)

Mary Scroggs Elementary School (Chapel Hill, NC)

Perry Hall High School (Baltimore, MD)

Sandy Hook Elementary (Newtown, CT)

Taft High School (Taft, CA)

Price Middle School (Atlanta, GA)

Hillside Elementary School (San Leandro, CA)

Redland Middle School (Homestead, FL)

Alexander W. Dreyfoos School of the Arts (West Palm Beach, FL)

North Panola High (Sardis, MS)

Agape Christian Academy (Pine Hills, FL)

Sparks Middle School (Sparks, NV) Stephenson High School (Stone Mountain, GA)

West Orange High School (Winter Garden, FL)

Arapahoe High School (Centennial, CO)

Edison High School (Fresno, CA)

Liberty Technology Magnet High School (Jackson, TN)

Berrendo Middle School (Roswell, NM)

Valley Charter High School (Philadelphia, PA)

North High School (Des Moines, IA)

Salisbury High School (Salisbury, NC)

Raytown Success Academy (Raytown, MO)

Madison Parish High School (Tallulah, LA)

East English Village Preparatory Academy (Detroit, MI)

St. Mary Catholic School (Griffith, IN)

Paul Robeson High School (Chicago, IL)

Horizon Elementary School (Everett, WA)

Clarke Street Elementary School (Milwaukee, WI)

Reynolds High School (Troutdale, OR)

Kelly High School (Benton, MO)

Stellar Leadership Academy (Miami, FL)

Fern Creek High School (Louisville, KY)

Albemarle High School (Albermarle, NC)

Langston Hughes High School (Fairburn, GA)

Marysville-Pilchuck High School (Marysville, WA)

Miami Carol City High School (Miami Gardens, FL)

Kinston High School (Kinston, NC)

Wisconsin Lutheran High School (Milwaukee, WI)

Williamson High School (Mobile, AL)

Vanguard High School (Ocala, FL)

Norris Middle School (Omaha, NE)

Frederick High School (Frederick, MD)

Tenaya Middle School (Merced, CA)

Judson High School (Converse, TX) Duval County school bus (Jacksonville, FL)

Elolf Elementary School (Converse, TX)

W.S. Hornsby K-8 School (Augusta, GA)

Dulaney High School (Lutherville Timonium, MD)

Northside High School (Lafayette, LA)

Central Elementary School (Statesville, NC)

Harrisburg High School (Harrisburg, SD)

Excel Southwest High School (Chicago, IL) Sulphur Rock STEM Magnet elementary school (Sulphur Rock, AR)

Harmony Grove High School (Camden, AR)

Lawrence Central High School (Indianapolis, IN)

Whites Creek High School (Whites Creek, TN)

Muskegon Heights High School (Muskegon (Muskegon Heights), MI) Independence High School (Glendale, AZ)

Faribault Middle School (Faribault, MN)

Madison Jr/Sr High School (Middletown, OH)

Huffman High School (Birmingham, AL)

East High School (Pueblo, CO)

High Point High School (Beltsville, MD)

Southside High School (Greenville, SC)

Augusta High School (Augusta, KS)

Thompson K-8 International Academy (Southfield, MI)

Technical High School (Saint Cloud, MN)

Woodrow Wilson Junior High School (Hanford, CA)

Sandusky High School (Sandusky, OH)

Chaffey High School (Ontario, CA)

Ava High School (Ava, MO)

Wedgewood Middle School (Columbus, OH)

McLain High School (Tulsa, OK)

Alpine High School (Alpine, TX)

Kearns High School (Salt Lake City (Kearns), UT)

Smalls Athletic Field (York, PA)

T.A. Wilson Academy (Jackson, MI)

Elder High School (Cincinnati, OH) Townville Elementary (Townville, SC) Vigor High School (Prichard, AL)

Linden-McKinley STEM Academy (Columbus, OH)

Benjamin E. Mays High School (Atlanta, GA)

June Jordan School for Equity (San Francisco, CA) Mott Hall Charter School (Bronx, NY)

Union Middle School (Sandy, UT)

Houston Can Academy (Houston, TX)

Savannah High School (Savannah, GA)

Bayless High School (Saint Louis, MO)

West Liberty-Salem High School (West Liberty, OH)

Mark Twain Elementary School (Detroit, MI)

Scullen Middle School (Naperville, IL)

South Aiken High School (Aiken, SC) Palmer Pillans Middle School (Mobile, AL)

Lee High School (Montgomery, AL)

King City High School (King City, CA)

Linton Middle School (Pittsburgh (Penn Hills), PA)

North Park Elementary School (San Bernardino, CA) Booker T. Washington High School (Tulsa, OK)

Moss Bluff Elementary (Lake Charles (Moss Bluff), LA)

McLain High School (Tulsa, OK)

Warren Elementary School (Chicago, IL)

JFK Stadium (Springfield, MO)

North Little Rock High School (North Little Rock, AR)

Freeman High School (Rockford, WA)

Mattoon High School (Mattoon, IL)

Callaway High School (Jackson, MS)

Southern Middle School (Lexington, KY)

Rocky Mount High School (Rocky Mount, NC)

Pattengill Academy (Lansing, MI)

Banneker High School (Atlanta, GA)

Rancho Tehama Elementary School (Corning, CA)

Aztec High School (Aztec, NM)

Champaign Central High School (Champaign, IL) Roosevelt Elementary (Hanford, CA)

Beecher High School (Mount Morris, MI)

Italy High School (Italy, TX)

Marshall County High School (Benton, KY) Lincoln High School (Philadelphia, PA)

Sal Castro Middle School (Los Angeles, CA)

Oxon Hill High School (Oxon Hill, MD)

Pearl-Cohn Entertainment Magnet High School (Nashville, TN)

Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School (Parkland, FL) Huffman High School (Birmingham, AL)

Great Mills High School (Great Mills, MD)

Gloversville Middle School (Gloversville, NY)

Raytown South Middle School (Raytown, MO)

Forest High School (Ocala, FL)

Highland High School (Palmdale, CA)

Mount Zion High School (Jonesboro, GA)

Santa Fe High School (Santa Fe, TX) Noblesville West Middle School (Noblesville, IN)

Skyline High School (Dallas, TX)

Edgewood High School (Edgewood, MD)

Lakeside Middle School (Millville, NJ)

Antioch High School (Antioch, TN)

Palm Beach Central High School (Wellington, FL)

Raines High School (Jacksonville, FL) Canyon Springs High School (Las Vegas, NV)

Hebron High School (Carrollton, TX)

Denali Elementary School (Anchorage, AK)

Varina High School (Henrico, VA)

Butler High School (Matthews, NC)

Simonsdale Elementary School (Portsmouth, VA)

Cawood Elementary School (Cawood, KY)

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10 years. 180 school shootings. 356 victims.

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CNN examined 10 years of shootings on K-12 campuses across the US. The numbers we found reveal some sobering and surprising truths.

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"Building a cohesive and supportive school environment is key to preventing school shootings and traumatic events like other types of mass shootings"

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Center for Injury Research and Prevention

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Comprehensive strategies are required to prevent school shootings. The good news is there are proven strategies and approaches ready to be implemented by schools and communities.

School shootings typically involve a mix of suicidal thoughts, despair and anger-- plus access to guns. Schools are the right place to identify students at risk and who are in despair. Often there are signs of distress from the perpetrator that, when ignored, may pave the way to an extreme act of violence.

Begin with School Climate

Building a cohesive and supportive school environment is key to preventing school shootings and traumatic events like other types of mass shootings. In this environment:

1. Students feel safe to talk to each other and to staff

2. There is mutual trust and respect among students and school staff

3. There is on-going dialogue and relationships with family and community members that interact with the school.

4. There is adequate support, training and resources for school staff (See " Recommended Reading " for examples of programs and resources)

Health Care Settings

Health care providers can also help in preventing school shootings. They are positioned to identify young patients at risk. At CHOP, primary care and emergency care providers can utilize behavioral health screening tools to identify, assess and refer patients for mental health services to prevent mental illness from being left untreated or ignored. Medical professionals can partner with specific, local mental health providers to establish clear communication, consultation, and referral pathways for at-risk patients.

Addressing Risk of Violence with Programs and Policy

To reduce the risk for individuals with emotional and behavioral challenges to become violent, programs and policies should have the following aims:

Reduce the day-to-day aggression and the many forms it takes (e.g., physical, social, cyber) within schools and communities. Experts feel that this type of toxic school and community stress, combined with the vulnerabilities of youth, can lead youth with emotional and behavioral problems to be more at risk for future violence, delinquency, and even depression and suicidal acts. Many programs exist. One school-based program developed at CHOP is called PRAISE, which promotes positive school climate in elementary schools.

Decrease the isolation these children and youth often feel by actively integrating them into peer activities. Schools promoting an inclusive climate in which at-risk youth are also learning better problem-solving and conflict resolution skills are more likely to provide a safe and productive atmosphere.

Close gaps in mental health services for children with emotional and behavioral problems and to provide a broader continuum of mental health care, including exceptions to privacy protection policies to allow for better communication about the mental health needs of students.

For information on preventing school shootings, click here for sensible policy recommendations to reduce access to guns for youth, especially youth with mental illness.

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Comprehensive strategies are required to prevent school shootings. The good news is there are proven strategies and approaches ready to be implemented by schools and communities. School shootings typically involve a mix of suicidal thoughts, despair and anger-- plus access to guns. Schools are the right place to identify students at risk and who are in despair.

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"The idea of arming teachers in schools has caused a contentious debate within the United States, particularly in the wake of mass shootings at schools"

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"The idea of arming teachers in schools first gained traction on a national level after a school shooting in 2012 resulted in the deaths of twenty-six children and teachers at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut."

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"In 46 weeks this year, there have been 45 school shootings. That's nearly an average of one school shooting a week.

Of those, 32 of them were at facilities serving Kindergarten through 12th grade"