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Rumbaut, G. R & Bittner, E 1979, ‘Changing Conceptions of the Police Role: A Sociological Review’, The University of Chicago Press, Crime and Justice Journal, Vol. 1, pp. 239-288.

Makela, M 2011, ‘Reporting Police Misconduct in Victoria’, Go To Court.

Chan, B. L. J. 1997, ‘Changing Police Culture: Policing in a Multicultural Society’ Cambridge University Press.

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Conflict Theory
- Conflict theories may imply that police corruption may be a reflection of cultural differences prominent in todays society.

Feminist Theory:
- There is already such a major stigmatisation upon women and their ability in the police force. Allowing the enabling of power shifts and inhumane policing from past to present policing.

Anthropological Theory:
- Depicts that police informality Varys from that of social action and values of people when in a certain occupational culture which address certain powers they behold.

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The most hopeful prospect for a substantive police reform is the influence of an informed public which can exert directional change to police agencies . However these dominate values held so significantly from police may dimmish any change due to the expense of democratic interests and values.

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Prevention from a Sociological Perspective

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Prevention from a Sociological Perspective

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- Taking established social order and police objectives as given and beyond question, positing if need be a fictive community consensus on the social purposes of policing

- Focusing attention away from the comprehensive, complex and often conflicting socio-political content of police and there dominating values and beliefs.

- Turn police reforms that have been based on little provision and develop a less of a sense of technocratic police professionalism but to maximise efficency through resolutions.

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Due to the numerous cases of inhumane cases with police involvement they have lost an immense amount of respect from society as a whole, raising a prominent  sociological problem as in relying or trusting the police is hard when in need of their assistance.

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- Mrs Dhu's death in custody case.
- IMARC police brutality incident on journalists and climate change protesters.
- Even Lawyer X,
- & the inhumane disability pensioner incident:

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Melbourne police captured on CCTV taking down disability pensioner

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- Crimes Act 1958
- Victorian Police Act 2013
- Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (IBACA)

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Policing Power - developing police corruption
- Attracts people who want power

- Bound to the Job - Can't switch it off when you go home.

- Without supervision - Can create room for autonomy.
- Expects authoritian discipline.
- Recruits usually come from a working class which they already ahem that advantage perspective.
- Mundane nature craves 'Us vs. Them' mentality , serving as a linchpin of police structure/ subculture.

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Discovery of Police Discretion
- Make significant and discretionary decisions.
- 'Curbstone' Justice
- Was a developed, regrettable but unavoidable aspect of policing (Rumbaut & Bittner 1979).

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Sir Robert Peel's Principle  of Law Enforcement 1829

- Ensure police exist to prevent crime and disorder.
- Preform duties dependent upon public approval
- Maintain public respect
- Secure willing cooperation of the public