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the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate.

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matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs.

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Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.

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the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

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Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.

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Crystallize Definition. Crystallization is the solidification of atoms or molecules into a highly structured form called a crystal. ... Crystallization can also refer to the solid-liquid separation and purification technique in which mass transfer occurs from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase.

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Volcanic activity or phenomena.

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Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling.

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alteration of the composition or structure of a rock by heat, pressure, or other natural agency.

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compaction. The process by which the porosity of a given form of sediment is decreased as a result of its mineral grains being squeezed together by the weight of overlying sediment or by mechanical means. The American Heritage® Science Dictionary.

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Lithification (from the Ancient Greek word lithos meaning 'rock' and the Latin-derived suffix -ific) is the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Essentially, lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation.

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rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice ( glaciers ), and wind. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils.