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McCaslin, Nancy. “Underground Railroad.” ABC-CLIO. American History, americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/260928?terms=%22underground+railroad%22&sType=quick. Accessed 29 Nov. 2017.

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Kaufmann, Theodor. Effects of the Fugitive-Slave-Law. Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661523/. Accessed 27 Nov. 2017.

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Dubrulle, Elizabeth. “American Anti-Slavery Society.” ABC_CLIO. American History, americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/253363?terms=slavery&sType=quick. Accessed 29 Nov. 2017.

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The Capture of John Brown. ABC-CLIO, americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/290286?terms=%22john+brown%22&sType=quick. Accessed 1 Dec. 2017.

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Avila, Rolando. “Dred Scott Decision.” ABC_CLIO. American History, americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/894331?terms=%22dred+scott%22&sType=quick. Accessed 1 Dec. 2017.

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Many Africa American slaves escaped the harsh treatments of their owners to reach freedom through the help of the Underground Railroads. The routes stretched from areas in the South such as Virginia and Kentucky up to New England and Canada. The Southern Railroad helped slaves escape while the Northern Railroad prevented fugitives being captured again. Many famous
former slaves such as Harriet Tubman helped guide slaves with their escape to Canada and some white abolitionists such as John Brown conducted the Underground Railroad.

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The Underground Railroad was a network of people, many African American, offering shelter and aid to escaped slaves. Abolitionists and Quakers are considered the first organized group to actively help escaped slaves.

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In Harper's Ferry, John Brown's goal was
to capture supplies and use them to arm a slave rebellion. Quickly surrounded by militia commanded by Robert E. Lee, Brown’s position was overrun, ten of his followers were killed, and Brown himself was wounded and captured during the raid and later hanged, but not before becoming an anti-slavery icon.

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John Brown was a radical abolitionist who believed in the violent overthrow of the slavery system. By early 1858, he had succeeded in enlisting a small army of insurrectionists whose mission was to foment rebellion among the slaves. In 1859, Brown and 21 of his followers attacked and occupied the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry.

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The Dred Scott case was brought before the court by Dred Scott who
argued that his time spent in these locations entitled him to emancipation. The court found that no black, free or slave, could claim U.S. citizenship, and therefore blacks were unable to petition the court for their freedom. The Dred Scott decision incensed abolitionists and heightened North-South tensions, which would erupt in the Civil War.

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After slave owner of Dred Scott died, Scott decided to sue for his freedom because he had lived on the grounds of the free areas in the United States. Even though he won the case, the Missouri Supreme Court ruled that Scott was not entitled to freedom because African Americans were not legal citizens of America.

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The Acts were among the most controversial laws of the early 19th century, and many Northern states passed special legislation in an attempt to circumvent them. By 1860 only around 330 slaves had been successfully returned to their Southern masters. Republicans and Free Soil congressmen regularly introduced bills and resolutions related to repealing the Fugitive Slave Act creating wide disputes over the issue of slavery.

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The Fugitive Slave Acts authorized local governments to seize and return escaped slaves to their owners and impose penalties on anyone who aided in their escape. The stringent act's purpose was to deter slaves from escaping and to enlist the assistance of those who were aware of the runaways in their region

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The American Anti-Slavery Society was formed to immediately abolish slavery in the United States. However, the antislavery activities frequently met with violent public opposition, such as mobs invading meetings, attacking speakers, and burning presses. The society's members demanded that African Americans receive the same political, economic, and social rights as white people.

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The American Anti-Slavery Society was formed by William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur Tappan, and Fredrick Douglass to peacefully spread the idea of abolitionism. This large committee sponsored meetings, adopted resolutions and signed antislavery petitions.