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Erikson's  Eight Life- Span Stages theory

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Erikson's  Eight Life- Span Stages theory

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This theory is based on the stages of life from infancy to lateadulthood.

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Trust vs mistrust : (1st year)
Autonomy vs shame and doubt:( 1-3 years)
Initiative vs guilt: (3-5 years)
Industry vs inferiority: (6 years to puberty)
Identify vs identify confusion: (10 to 20 years)
Intimacy vs isolation: (20's, 30's)
Generativity vs stagnation: (40's, 50's)
Integrity vs despair: (60's onward

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Erikson's theory established a framework for understanding the typical psychosocial development patterns of people.  This broke with traditional thinking of psychologists of that period, which held that people cease developing after adolescence (Cross,2001).

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Erikson believed that the ego develops as it successfully resolves social crises. That resolution, he said, depends on establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society, and helping the next generation prepare for the future. Erikson referred to this particular stage of development as “Identity vs. Role Confusion”  (Wallace, 2017).

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In Erikson's crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt, the toddler must learn a balance between acting willfully and being ashamed or doubtful about his actions. The environment must impose some restrictions for the child's well-being, but too many restrictions will teach the child to always doubt her desire to act and too few will make the child unbearable to be around and, likely, unsafe. Erikson proposed that a healthy balance in the outcome of each crisis -- a favorable ratio -- would lead to optimal psychological development (Cross, T, & Cross, J, 2017).

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Cross, T. L. (2001). Gifted Children and Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development. Gifted Child Today, 24(1), 54.

Cross, T. L., & Cross, J. R. (2017). Social and Emotional Development of Gifted Students: Introducing the School-Based Psychosocial Curriculum Model. Gifted Child Today, 40(3), 178-182. doi:10.1177/1076217517713784

Wallace, S. G. (2017). Adolescence, Identity, and Summer Camp. Camping Magazine, 90(6), 52-55.