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Original Electoral System
-Established by the Founders, proposed by Hamilton
-Established in Article II, Section I
-Each state legislature set up a method for choosing people who would be the electors
-Number of electors per state is equal to its number of senators and representatives in Congress
-At election time, electors would meet in their state and cast their electoral vote for president
-Electoral votes from states would be counted in a joint session of Congress
-The candidate winning majority vote would become president, while candidate with second highest amount would become vice president

Current Electoral System
-Similar
-Parties choose nominees for president in conventions held during summer
-Voters cast their ballots for president every four years
-Voters don't vote directly for president or vice president, but rather all of their party's electors in their state
-In December, those electors cast official vote
-538 electors
-Number of electors per state is equal to its number of senators and representatives in Congress plus 3 for District of Colombia
-To be elected, a candidate must have at least 270 of the 538 votes (winner-take-all with the exception of Maine and Nebraska)

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-Ability to issue executive orders
-Power to appoint people to important offices in the executive branch
-The right to fire officials they have appointed
-Impoundment of funds (can refuse to allow federal department or agency to spend money)
-Ability to grant reprieves and pardons
-May grant amnesty

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Constitutional Requirements
-defined by Article II, Section I in the Constitution
-Must be a natural-born citizen of the United States
-At least 35 years old
-Resident of the US for at least 14 years before taking office

Other Requirements
-Governmental experience
-Financial stability (run a campaign)
-Moderate political beliefs are more likely to be elected than extreme sides of the spectrum
-Strong personal characteristics

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A few examples:

Head of state:
-President represents the nation and performs many ceremonial duties (serving as host to visiting kings, queens, and heads of government; serves as nation's chief diplomat)

Chief Executive:
-Sees that the laws of Congress are carried out (ranging from Social Security, to taxes, housing, to flood control, energy, to civil rights, health care, to education, to environmental protection)
*Executive branch employs more than 2 million people to enforce things established by Congress

Other Roles:
Chief Legislator
Economic Planner
Party Leader
Chief Diplomat
Commander in Chief