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My belief is that wearable technology will continue to be integrated into healthcare. Currently we use wearable technology in the fitness industry. I believe that combining wearable monitoring devices with patient EHR technology will allow the patient to have beneficial feedback on the impact their daily activities have in health promotion . Monitoring of patient sleep patterns, physical activity, respirations, oxygen saturation, pulse rate and other pertinent information that can be early indicators of disease states for health care professionals. Think about a smart home in which the bathroom scale not only measures weight, but also the percentage of weight from fat, muscle, bone, and water. Where the digital mirror analyzes stress level, heart rate, and mood. Where the smart toothbrush measures hydration, and the microchip in the toilet analyzes urine. In the bedroom, a sleep monitor measures the sleep quality as well as variability in heart rate, breathing, and oxygen saturation. These devices—most of them available now—routinely transmit data to smartphones, think of the potential for integrating this data with the patient EHR.  Sensors can be implanted in the body, attached to the surface of the body (eg, as a patch), worn on the body (eg, clothes or a watch), carried in a bag near the body, or deployed in devices (eg, voice recognition in a mobile phone). All allowing for continuous patient monitoring in the daily living environment!

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Familiar Devices

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1. Hands-free user experience - collecting vital information all while hands-free
2. Personalized information - collect physiological parameters to be better aware of themselves
3. Personal assistant - simplifying daily functions dramatically and making us more productive and efficient
4. An advantage of sensors is that data are collected without human effort. Collection is automated through devices and therefore not dependent on people remembering to collect and input the data. Even better, data are collected in real time, thereby reducing the time to take necessary action.
5. Those who use an activity tracker may be familiar with the concept of IoT. The tracker provides information on how well activity goals are being met. If connected to the internet, the tracker may also provide the information to a person’s health insurer, which could help to reduce health insurance costs.
6. Physical activity monitor and software entries across physical, psychological, and clinical domains of health can be combined graphically to enable participants, health care providers and health coaches to assess relationships between patient behavior and outcomes

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1. Data accuracy - data must be accurate to ensure the information collected to provide the right course of treatment, prevention, and intervention.

2. Usability barriers - comfort of the design and the ease of using the technology (Mahoney, 2016).
3. Charging - Battery life must be efficient to be wireless to collect data for the user and for the health care professionals.
4. As with other electronic and telecommunication monitoring, patients will have to be notified that their devices are monitored and the nature, extent and purposes for which monitoring is carried out. Explicit individual consent is required to process sensitive personal data which includes information about physical health or medical condition. The difficulty would be to get individual consent in all cases and to provide clear guidelines for patients on data capture, monitoring, storage and use.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies are considered one of the key research areas in computer science and the healthcare application industries for improving the quality of life. The role of body sensor networks in medicine to minimize the need for caregivers and help the chronically ill and elderly people live an independent life, besides providing people with quality care.  Wearable technologies like watches, patches, and microchip to collect vital information about the human body with continuous monitoring which will increase early detection of emergency conditions and diseases in at risk patients and also provide a wide range of healthcare services for people with various degrees of cognitive and physical disabilities. As clinicians, we need to be alert to the need for changes in practice afforded by new technologies and seek nurse experts such as informaticists to help. With patients bringing in data collected from apps on smartphones or from wearable sensors to aggregate nurses must be ready to seek advice from nurse informaticists who can design solutions to the challenges enable evidence based patient care (Harrington, 2017). For nurse researchers, the digital landscape is limitless and brings with it a need to identify and test new technological tools and pathways that yield healthier behaviors for all people, not just patients within the healthcare system (Harrington, 2017). Satisfactory outcomes will depend on the technologies used, and how well they are planned, designed, implemented, and maintained.

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Harrington, L. (2017). Closing the Science-Health Gap With Technology: Evidence-Based Living. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 28(2), 102-106. doi:10.4037/aacnacc2017801

Mahoney, S. (2016). WAITING ON WEARABLES. Medical Marketing & Media, 51(1), 46-47.

Santa Mina, D. (2017). Physical Activity Monitors: More Than Monitoring. Journal Of Oncology Practice, 13(2), 93-94. doi:10.1200/JOP.2016.020420