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the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct

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a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates. C6H12O6

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These electrons are used to produce NADPH as well as ATP in a series of reactions called the light reactions because they require light. NADPH and ATP formed by the action of light then reduce carbon dioxide and convert it into 3-phosphoglycerate by a series of reactions called the Calvin cycle or the dark reactions.

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The Calvin cycle (also known as the Calvin–Benson cycle) is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured from sunlight.The Calvin cycle has four main steps: carbon fixation, reduction phase, carbohydrate formation, and regeneration phase. Energy to fuel chemical reactions in this sugar-generating process is provided by ATP and NADPH, chemical compounds which contain the energy plants have captured from sunlight

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Short for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme that occurs in many living cells and functions as an electron acceptor like NAD but reacts with different metabolites. NADP is similar in structure to NAD but has an extra phosphate group

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP⁺or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent. NADPH is the reduced form of NADP⁺

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Hydrogen ion, strictly, the nucleus of a hydrogen atom separated from its accompanying electron. The hydrogen nucleus is made up of a particle carrying a unit positive electric charge, called a proton. The isolated hydrogen ion, represented by the symbol H ⁺, is therefore customarily used to represent a proton