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Photosynthesis is a process where water and CO2, reactants, are transformed into glucose and molecular oxygen, the products. This process is powered by the utilization of energy in the light given off by the sun. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, more specifically on the  membranes and inside the fluid, stroma.

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Photosynthesis is made up of two processes, light reactions and the Calvin Cycle. In light reactions, pigments in thylakoid membranes are called photosystems. They absorb the energy from light to produce NADPH and ATP. These products are then sent to the Calvin Cycle. The Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. It oxidizes NADPH into NADP+ and sends the electrons through the cycle. The products of the Calvin Cycle are glucose and molecular oxygen. It recycles ATP that is used to phosphorylate an organic molecule. It also recycles NADP+ back into the stroma to be reduced by the light reactions.

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In this experiment, leaf chads were punched out. Air was pulled out and they were set in the bottom of CO2 water. A lamp was placed on the leaf chads and the time is took for the chads to rise was recorded. Three tests were done to get an average of rates for best accuracy.

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If the size of the chad was increased, then the rate of photosynthesis will decrease.

The independent variable was the size of the chad. The dependent variable was the time. There was no control in this experiment. Constants were the amount of chads placed into the beaker, the amount of solution, as well as the height of the light from the beaker of chads.

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My hypothesis was accepted. Since the chad leaf size was increased, the rate of photosynthesis slowed down dramatically. The baseline rate of the first experiment was 1.36 disks/min. In our experiment, with the increased chad leaf size, our rate was .3 disks/min. That is 77% slower than the original test! There was a 77% difference between the two tests. The baseline ET50 was 4 minutes and 36 seconds, or 276 seconds. our ET50 was 16 minutes and 10 seconds or 970 seconds. our rate was almost four times slower than the baseline.

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Errors were possible in this experiment. One error would be trying to get the chads to sink without damaging the cells from the pressure. Another error could be mistakes in calculating rates and minor measurement issues. Improvements would be to try to simplify a way to remove air from the leaves without damaging them.

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Reece, Jane B. Campbell Biology, AP Edition. Pearson Education/Benjamin Cummings, 2011.