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- Krakow is in southern Poland its shared a border with the Czech Republic and sits on the Vistula River
- Krakow was founded in the year 600
- It is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland

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- King Władysław I made Kraków the capital in 1320
- Austria controlled Krakow from 1795 - 1918
- Duchy of Warsaw controlled Krakow from 1809 - 1815
- Krakow existed as an independent republic from 1815 - 1846
- Krakow was home to around 60,000 Jews before the start of World War II

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- Nazi's invade Poland
- Nazi army amounts to 1.8 million
- Polish army amounts to around 600,000

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- German soldiers occupy Krakow Poland

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- Nazis force all Jews living in Krakow to take part in forced labor and form a Jewish Council

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- Nazi's make Krakow the capital of the Generalgouvernement
- The  Generalgouvernement was run by Hans Frank and served as administrative units all throughout Nazi occupied Poland
- The Judennat, which were local Jewish governments run by the Nazi party controlled all remaining Jewish life
- Germans decided to enforce rules that revealed who was and who wasn’t Jewish in the community

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- Germans forced all Jews to wear a white armband with a blue Jewish star.

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-  Germans declared, established, and secured a ghetto in Podgorze, located in the south of Krakow.
- This new ghetto would house up to 20,000 Jews. The ghetto was surrounded by barbed wire fence and a stoned wall

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- started out as a forced labor in 1942, built and established by the SS and Gestapo
- In 1944 it became a concentration camp
- September 1944, 2,200 Jews remained in Plaszow.
- October 15th, the SS ordered and evacuated 1,500 Jews to other concentration camps

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- In the 1940's Nazis established many labor camps in Belzec
-  In November 1941 Nazi's started to build a death camp near the labor camps
- On March 17, 1942 the Belzec death camp started operations

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Henry Erlich

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Oral history interview with Henry Erlich - Collections Search - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

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Kean College of New Jersey Holocaust Resource Center conducted the interview on October 19, 1988. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Oral History Branch received the tapes along with other Kean College interviews beginning in February 1993. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives received the tapes by transfer in February 1995.

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Ada Breitkopf Abrahamer

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Oral history interview with Ada Abrahamer - Collections Search - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

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Ada Abrahamer, born in Kraków, Poland, recalls the increased restrictions and frightening conditions for Jews until March 1941; her family being moved to the Kraków ghetto was put into forced labor; the liquidation in March 1943 of the ghetto and being taken to the Plaszów camp; continuing to work in