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The objective of the experiment was to see if an amputated cockroach leg could still send action potentials. Look at the procedure to see how the experiment was done and the results that were found!

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"Function always follows structure."

What a structure can do depends on its form.
Anatomy: the structure of body parts
Physiology: the function of the body part and how they do it

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Make sure the plugs and the battery are in the right place.

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Take a harvested cockroach leg and pin it to the cork board. Then turn the equipment on. A bright light should turn on.

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Plug in the cord into both the laptop and the backyard brains equipment.

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Record.

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Find an exact location where an action potential is made and take a screenshot.

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Homeostasis is a constant cycle of maintaining boundaries within the body. It is the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously.

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Connection to the Cockroach Model Experiment 

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Connection to the Cockroach Model Experiment 

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The Cockroach maintains homeostasis by growing a new leg. Homeostasis is how the body reactions after a change: if one or more of the cockroaches legs become detached, they are able to quickly grow another leg.

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How homeostasis is maintained in cockroaches

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How homeostasis is maintained in cockroaches

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Both humans and cockroaches have the same 3 components of a feedback system.
1) Receptor
2) Control center
3) Effector

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Atom: chemical element
Molecule: a group of atoms bonded together
Cell: smallest form of life that can be replicated
Tissue: a group of similar cells with a common function
Organ: 2 or more tissues with a specific function
Organ System: related organs that have a common function
Organism: the living subject

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Distal: below on a limb

Proximal: above on a limb
Posterior: the back
Anterior: the front
Superior: above the body
Inferior: below the body
Lateral: toward the sides
Medial: towards the middle
Intermediate: in between
Deep (internal): closer to the inner body (skeletal)
Superficial (external): toward the outer layer of skin

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Anatomical Position terms on a Cockroach

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Anatomical Position terms on a Cockroach

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Cockroaches have sodium and potassium ions that move around and create chemical reactions.

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Cockroaches send off neurotransmitters like humans.

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A neuron cell sends messages around the body by connecting one neuron cell to another.

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Out of the 4 tissue types, muscle tissue and nervous tissue become activated when a stimulus occurs.

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The organ that is affected by action potentials is the leg in the cockroach experiment. There are more than two tissues that move the leg.

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The nervous system is involved in the creation of action potentials, both in humans and cockroaches.

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The cockroach is the organism that we experimented on.

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Why can we use a Cockroach to study human anatomy?

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Why can we use a Cockroach to study human anatomy?

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Cockroaches and humans have much more in common then you might think. Cockroaches, like humans, have: ions, tissues, a brain, cells (although they have white blood cells, but don't need red blood because they don't need to carry oxygen), and a nervous system/nerves that have the ability to create action potentials.

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Definition: It is the sensor that responds to the changes (stimulus).
- The cockroach feels the leg being amputated and the signal rushes up the nervous system.

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Definition: The brain/nervous system sets range of values and evaluates the inputs and outputs.
- The signal gets sent through the nerves system and to the cockroach's brain.

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Definition: It addresses the problem; receives output from the control center and produces a response.
- The signal runs back down the nervous system to signal the muscle to move/grow.

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Structure Function Levels of Anatomy Hierarchy  

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Structure Function Levels of Anatomy Hierarchy  

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Highlighted = Structure
Bolded = Function

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When a signal is sent, potassium and sodium ions are able to move around and switch from inside and outside the cell. They have a certain pump and are small enough to move across. However, proteins (A-) are still inside the cell because they are too big to move.

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Neurotransmitters are the only type of molecule that can bind and then open ligand chemical channels at the next receiving cell. The small shape and the binding ability allows the neurotransmitter to open the ligand chemical channel.

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The structure of the neuron cell has dendrites that receive stimuli, a cell body, a nucleus, an axon, and an axon terminal. The form of a neuron cell helps move the signal quickly through the axon and into the next receiving cell.

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Nervous tissue is made up of multiple nerve cells or neuron cells that function to send signals across the body.

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A leg muscle has multiple tissues that work together to help move a specific organ, or in the experiment, help grow back the leg after the amputation. The function of the leg muscle, or muscles in general, is movement. In this diagram the muscle would be right above where the amputation occurred.

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The nervous system is spread throughout the body so if their is a stimulus on any part of the body, your body can react to that stimulus.

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A living subject that contains a heart, brain and has a form of a muscular system and a nervous system, makes up an organism. The function of an organism is being able to carry out multiple functions within all the lower levels in the level of anatomy hierarchy.