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Інструкція щодо користування цим падлетом.

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Інструкція щодо користування цим падлетом.

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1.   Оберіть потрібну граматичну тему з переліку.
2. Наведіть курсор на поле потрібного вам поста.
3. Натиснувши на поле поста правою кнопкою мишки, у запропонованому меню виберіть команду "розширити пост"
4. У верхньому правому куточку виберіть "переглянути оригінал" та вивчайте у розширеному вигляді.

Бажаю Вам успіху та бажаних результатів!

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Sophie has taken Oliver on a special trip for his birthday.

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It's a few weeks before Christmas and Sophie is working in India. She's doing her Christmas shopping in a local market.

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Sophie is working in Dubai but Amy was hoping she may be able to ask her a favour.

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Daisy is at home. She has a note for Sophie from the headmaster ...

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Sophie decides to post videos on her world-famous travel blog.

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After certain verbs we use the -ing form, and after other verbs we use the infinitive. Sometimes we can use either form and there is no change in meaning. Occasionally we can use either form and there is a change in meaning.
So what's the rule for whether we use the -ing form or the infinitive?

Sorry, there isn't a rule. You have to learn which verbs go with which pattern.

The verbs followed by -ing include enjoy, mind, stop and recommend.
I told him you really enjoy cooking.
Would youmind helping me?
It didn'tstop raining all day yesterday.
Daisyrecommends trying Alfie's tiramisu. Imagine not having pizza! I eat it all the time.
Verbs usually followed by -ing
stop finish imagine suggest recommend avoid mind miss risk enjoy
I thought you could say: ' I recommend that you see that film'?

Yes, you're right, you can. But we're not looking at the more complex patterns with that or an object today.

OK, what about the verbs followed by the infinitive?
She decided to go with Elliot instead.
Iwanted to visit Rome.
Shepromised to take me there.
Iplanned to go to some real Italian restaurants.
She didn'tforget to phone.
The negative is verb + not + infinitive.
They decided not to make pizza.
Here are more verbs that are usually followed by the infinitive:
hope offer fail agree forget manage learn afford arrange ask expect would like decide plan promise want invite
What about the verbs that can be followed by either form?

It started raining. or It started to rain.
Don'tbother waiting for me. or Don't bother to wait for me.

The verbs like, love and hate can be followed by -ing or the infinitive when talking about repeated actions.

I love reading long novels. (British English or American English)
I love to read long novels. (American English)

But when we are talking about situations, we use the -ing form.
Paulo loves living by the beach in Rio.
Do you like working as a waitress?
So, ' I love learning grammar rules' or ' I love to learn grammar rules' are both OK?

Exactly. But there are some more verbs which can be followed by -ing or the infinitive, but the two options have different meanings, for example remember and stop.

I never remember to lock the door, and my mum gets really angry!
(remember + infinitive =remember something and then do it)
I neverremember locking the door, but when I go back and check I always have.
(remember + -ing =remember something you did before)

She stopped smoking three years ago.
(stop + -ing =to not do something any more)
It was hot, so westopped to have a drink. (we stopped walking)
(stop + infinitive =to not do something in order to do something else)

Let's stop to have a rest now.

OK, later on you can try to remember all the patterns.

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After certain verbs we use the -ing form, and after other verbs we use the infinitive. Sometimes we can use either form and there is no change in meaning. Occasionally we can use either form and there is a change in meaning. So what's the rule for whether we use the -ing form or the infinitive?

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Alfie's got a new bike and invites Oliver and Daisy to go out for a ride. Sophie is working in Istanbul.

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We have different ways of talking about the future. We often use going to (+ infinitive), the present continuous (to be + -ing) or will (+ infinitive). The structure we use depends on the function of what we want to say, whether we are talking about arrangements, plans, predictions, etc..

I thought will was the future tense in English.

It’s one of the ways of talking about the future, but there are a few others. Let’s look at will to start with. We use will / won’t (= will not) + the infinitive for predictions about the future.

Oliver’ll be back soon.
We won’t be ready.
Do you think it’ll rain this afternoon?

We also use will when we decide something at the moment of speaking.

(The doorbell rings) I’ll get it.

So, you sometimes use the verb think before will?

Yes, that’s very common. We also use: don’t think, expect, be + sure.

I’m sure you’ll have a good time.

You said will is used for decisions made at the moment of speaking. What about decisions made before the moment of speaking?

Then we can use either the present continuous or going to (+ infinitive).

Amy’s coming round.
We’re going to watch a film – want to join us?
What are you doing this evening?

Is there a difference between them?

We use the present continuous more for arrangements with other people and be + going to + infinitive for intentions. Sometimes it’s important to choose the right structure, but often we could use either because many events are both arrangements and intentions.

Amy’s coming round. (= arrangement between Amy and Daisy)
Amy’s going to come round. (= Amy’s intention)
I’m going to clean my room tonight. (= intention)
I’m cleaning my room tonight. (not an arrangement)

So could I say 'I’m going to go to the cinema with Alex'?

Yes, that’s correct. But we usually avoid saying going to go, just because it doesn’t sound very elegant. We normally use the present continuous with go.

I’m going to the cinema with Alex.

And 'I will go to the cinema with Alex'?

No. We don’t use will for arrangements or intentions if the decision was made before the moment of speaking.

Oh, yes, you told me that before. Anything else?

Yes, there’s another use of going to. We use it for predictions too, especially when you can see something happening or about to happen.

Look out! You’re going to spill that coffee.

Can you use going to for other predictions?

Yes, sometimes both will and going to can be used.

I think the Green Party will win the election.
I think the Green Party are going to win the election.

OK, and one last thing! Is it correct to say, ‘When’s the race?’ That’s present simple, isn’t it?

Yes. You can use present simple for timetabled events.

My plane leaves at 4pm tomorrow.
The match starts at 8pm.

Phew! So sometimes you can use going to or the present continuous and sometimes you can use will or going to. And you can also use present simple for timetabled events. I’ll never understand the future!

Discussion

What are your plans for this weekend?

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Oliver and Alfie decide to enter a bike race.

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Sophie is working in Rome this week. Oliver, Alfie and Daisy have decided to eat out tonight.

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Have to, must and should for obligation and advice

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Oliver and Alfie visit the local pet shop, where they are surprised to see Amy. Meanwhile, something is on Sophie's mind ...

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Daisy has just had an interview for a summer job.

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We often use there + to be and It&hellip;as a subject but they do not refer to any object. There is / are is used to introduce a topic, or say that something exists. It &hellip; is often used for the

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Sophie is working closer to home this week. She's in London and she has a surprise for Oliver and Daisy.

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Some verbs are irregular. Their past forms do not end in -ed.

So how do I know which verbs are regular and which are irregular?

You have to learn them!

Learn them from the list? Oh no!

It's not so bad. There aren't really so many verbs to learn and remember that English is much easier than many languages. The past forms don't change.

I took a taxi to the airport. (take → took)
That was when we spoke. (speak → spoke)
One person gave me his last bar of chocolate. (give → gave)

I see what you mean. I made, you made, he made, she made, it made, we made, they made!

Exactly! They're all the same. And the negatives are all formed with did + not + the infinitive without to. The question forms are very similar: did + subject pronoun + the infinitive without to.

What did you do all day in the airport?
Did you have enough food?
We didn't think you would get home in time for your birthday.

OK, you're right, that's not too bad. Are there any exceptions?

Yes the verb to be. The past form is was for I, he, she and it, but were for you, we and they.

It was horrible not being able to phone you two!
There wasn't any food. I was so hungry!
We were stuck in the airport.

So what about this verb list?

Right, here it is!

Present | Past Simple | Present | Past Simple
be | was / were | begin | began
break | broke | bring | brought
build | built | buy | bought
catch | caught | choose | chose
come | came | cost | cost
cut | cut | do | did
draw | drew | drink | drank
drive | drove | eat | ate
fall | fell | feel | felt
fight | fought | find | found
fly | flew | forget | forgot
freeze | froze | get | got
give | gave | go | went
have | had | hear | heard
hold | held | hit | hit
keep | kept | know | knew
learn | learnt | leave | left
lead | led | let | let
lie | lay | lose | lost
make | made | mean | meant
meet | met | pay | paid
put | put | read | read
ride | rode | run | ran
say | said | see | saw
sell | sold | send | sent
set | set | shut | shut
sing | sang | sit | sat
sleep | slept | speak | spoke
spend | spent | stand | stood
steal | stole | swim | swam
take | took | teach | taught
tell | told | think | thought
understand | understood | wake | woke
wear | wore | win | won
write | wrote | |

Wow! OK, so how do I learn these verbs?

There are lots of things you can try:

Make cards to test yourself – put the infinitive on one side and the past on the other.

Write sentences with different verbs in them. Include some negatives.

Make up stories and record yourself. The story could just be about what you did last weekend.

Do practice activities online. You can start by doing the ones below on this page!

OK, I'm going to start learning them now!

Discussion

Have you ever been stuck in some terrible weather?

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Sophie has just arrived home after a work trip to the United States which turned into a nightmare.

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Daisy has a date with Jack and Sophie is working in Brazil.

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Daisy is chatting to her brother Oliver, and his best mate Alfie, about her new boyfriend. Daisy and Oliver's mum is working in Thailand this week.

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Граматичні теми

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Граматичні теми

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1. to be present and past
2. question tags
3. present simple
4. past simple - regular verbs
5. past simple - irregular
6. used to
7. there is /there are
8. reported speech
9. modals
10. adjectives
11. future forms
12. personal pronouns and possessives
13. verb+ing infinitive
14. relative clauses
15. prepositions of time
16. present prefect simple/continuous
17. This, that, those, these
18. the definite article