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For my set up, I used two lights, one soft box and one Fluorescent light. Using a manfreotto tripod, the camera was placed directly over the scene, giving a perfect birds eye view. The background was placed on a small white box, the background was secured to the box with masking tape at the top. Acetate paper was placed over cut outs to flatten cut outs and prevent shadowing, however due to the acetate, reflection was caused. Studio lights were placed further away from camera and facing downwards to reduce reflection. The metal tripod legs caused a noticeable line of reflection, to prevent this, I taped black duct tape around the legs. ​

Lights from different set ups caused flickering effect on camera, blackboard were used to block lighting from other set ups, also helping remove reflection and keep a consistent lighting.

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Beginning scene of empty tie dye background. Birds eye viewpoint. Musical note will move onto the background, beginning from the bottom right of screen. The note will change position and movement while moving towards the center. Once in the middle, another note will move onto screen, with the same procedure. 4 Musical notes will appear in total. This will take 2 seconds, 48 frames. Walking sounds and calm background music will play. The musical notes will then move to the center and bunch together. When all bunch together, there will be a squeeze sound effect. Once they are all in the center, the screen will gradually fade into a white, this will be achieved by increasing the exposure on the camera. These scenes will take 1 and ½ seconds, 36 frames. During all the scenes, there will be calm background music. After the white transition, the scene will move onto the blinking eyes. During this scene, loud pop music will play. Along with the blinking eyes, the musical notes will move with the beats. This will take about 2 seconds, 48 frames. Then the camera will zoom into the left eye, popping sounds will play every time the camera zooms in. The zoom will be jumpy to emphasis the movement. Once at the pupil of eye, screen will fade to black screen, then transition to spinning tie dyes. The spin and black transition will be done using after effects.

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For my animation, I will be creating a 20 second indent for a music channel. The method of animation I will be using is cut out, which involves using paper or card cut outs to create a moving image. The animation will include musical notes moving around a tie dye background, then blinking eyes will pop out to match the music beats. I will be using loud Pop and Trap music to emphases the variety of genres the music channel will have. This relates to the brief as it will inform the viewers of the types of music played. The style the animation will be jumpy and choppy movements, this is to emphases the stop motion animation. My intended audience will be from the ages of 16 to 24, I will be using a genre of music that is typically popular and liked amongst the specific audience, e.g. Pop, trap. The channel will be for both genders, but leaning towards male audiences as trap music is typically more popular among them.

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Music videos created with stop-motion animations are not very widespread among the industry, a few of the most popular animation music videos is Sledgehammer by Peter Gabriel, Her Morning Elegance by Oren Lavie and Somebody that I used to know by Gotye, these videos all include forms of pixilation and object animation

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Channel E4 is known for using stop-motion animations as channel indents, using forms such as Object and Pixilation. BBC three has also used animations such as Claymation to create indents. The target audiences are typically from the ages of 16 to 30, as that is the channels targeted audiences.

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TV animation is one of the most popular forms of Stop-Motion animations, well known shows such as Pingu, Shaun the Sheep and  Postman Pat are all forms of stop motion animations. For these shows, Claymation is typically used, a form of animation using clay moulds to create characters and objects. The targeted audiences are typically for children aged 2 to 6.

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Ray Harryhausen was an American designer and producer, known for his dynamations. He was one of the very first animators to use animated characters in live movies. He would film his animated characters on a small miniature set up and incorporate it into live-action films. Clash of the Titans and The 7th Voyage of Sinbad are a few of his most famous Dyanamation movies. ​

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Source - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen

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Tim burton is an American film producer and animator, his animations are iconic for their dark and freakish theme. Frankenweenie and The Nightmare before Christmas are one of his most famous animated movies. His style of animation are typically gloomy and gothic mood, characters are typically created with long thin bodies and limbs, large eyes lined with black. Another characteristic is the pale grey skin tone, making the characters appear sickly.

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Tim burton is an American film producer and animator, his animations are iconic for their dark and freakish theme. Frankenweenie and The Nightmare before Christmas are one of his most famous animated movies. His style of animation are typically gloomy and gothic mood, characters are typically created with long thin bodies and limbs, large eyes lined with black. Another characteristic is the pale grey skin tone, making the characters appear sickly.

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George Pal was a hungarian animator and producer, known for his animations, Puppetoons, using woodent puppets to create movement. He is known for the replacement of animation.​

-Credit - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppetoons

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Emile Reynaud was a teacher famous for his creation of the Praxinoscope, a animation device created in the late 1870s. Similar to the William Horner's Zoetrope, the device involved illustrations on the inside of a cylinder. Instead of little slits, the praxinoscope included an inner circle of little mirrors, the viewers would then look into the little mirrors. This provided a brighter and more precise moving image than the Zoetrope.

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Thomas Edison was an American inventor, most known for the invention of the light blub. He also heavily contributed to the development of Stop-Motion animation with his invention of the kinetoscope. In the cabinet like device, a film strip would rapidly through a lens and a light blub, the movement can be seen though a small peephole at the top of the device.

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Willam Horner was an English mathematician known for his invention, Zoetrope, inspired by the work of Plateau's Phenakistoscope. The Zoetrope involves a cylinder with slits, similar to the phenakisocope, with illustrations on the insides of the cylinder. Looking through the slits whilst the cylinder is spinning will give the illusion of a moving image. The device was originally named the Daedalum which meant the "wheel of the Devil".

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Belgian physicist, Joseph Plateau introduced the phenakistoscope to the public in 1832, the phenakistoscope is the first invention to provide an illusion of moving image. The device consisted of two plates, one with small slots on the edges of the circle and the other with illustrations. While looking in the mirror through the slits, the illustrations on the second disk will give the appearance of motion. The device was hugely popular among young children, advertised as a toy.

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Eadweard Muybridge was an English photographer, known for his revolutionary work motion pictures. 'The Horse in motion' is believed to be one of the first ever motion pictures created, Muybridge set up 12 cameras on a horse racing track, his intention was to capture the movement of a galloping horse, and provide proof to the question whether a horse is ever airborne during gallops?  While the horse galloped by, it tripped on the wires connected to the cameras, taking 12 rapid photos all at once, this captured every movement from the horse, giving the appearance of a moving image. ​

Credit - http://100photos.time.com/photos/eadweard-m

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Stephen and Timothy Quay are American identical twin brothers better known as the Brothers Quay or Quay Brothers. They are influential stop-motion animators. They are also the recipients of the 1998 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design for their work on the play The Chairs

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The Lumiere brothers were one of the very first film makers, both brothers worked in their fathers photographic firm. The brothers are most known for their invention of the Cinematograph, a motion picture film camera, they had also held their first public screening of projected motion pictures in 1895 at a café in Paris. They presented their first movie, 'Sortie des Usines Lumiere a Lyon' which stands for Workers leaving the Lumier Factory.

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In 1898, the first animated films was 'The humpty dumpty circus'  created by J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith​

'The teddy bears' was released in 1907,directed by Edwin Porters. The movie was one of the earliest release of stop motion movies. ​

One of the first clay animation movies was released in 1912, the movie was named 'Modeling Extraordinary' ​

In 1917, the first ever woman animator, Helena Smith Dayton released her very first film Romeo and Juliet.

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The basics of Stop motion animation includes photographing the objects and characters, slightly moving them in each frame. When playing the image, the appearance of movement is created. Pixilation stop motion animation is a unique technique used animation, which involves using live actors to create animated movement. This involves making the live characters move slightly in each frame of the animation. Too big of a movement will create a choppy and jumpy animation, so it is key for the actors to make small yet precise and accurate movement. ​

The surrounding and background of actors also play a big part in this type of animation. ​

Most commonly in pixilation, the actors a led on a flat surface, which is allows more accuracy, with other props surrounding them. Having the actor laying on a flat surface prevents unwanted movement, as the actors can be in a relaxing positioning. Pixilation gives the appearance of live action films but moved like an animation film. This allows the characters presence to be exaggerated, also creating a much more dramatic performance.  Pixilation became more well known in the 1950s when Norman Mclaren directed and released the famous pixilation film, 'Neighbors'. Pixilation can also be used in not just movies but in music videos, artist such as the white stripes and Radiohead. ​

Fast shutter speed is typically used in pixilation as a slow shutter speed takes much longer, leaving the actor restless. A lot of patience is needed for this type of pixilation as it needs a lot of accuracy.

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Object stop frame animation is using non drawn objects to create a animation, it can be used to substitute real items. E.g. Scrunched tissue in a glass as milk. This is a much easier technique because it does not need much preparation to create or does not need a lot of time. ​

Cut out animation is using paper or cardboard cut outs to create a animation, this involves a lot of time to prepare and create. Painting is used to create faces and clothing on cut outs.

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Clay stop frame animation is a unique technique used, this type involves creating and sculpting characters and props out of clay. This is a much more difficult and time consuming than other types as the figures need to be accurately molded and formed. Movement created from the clay figures need to be slowly done. Clay stop frame animation has been used in a lot of children television shows such a wall ace and Gromit and pingu. ​

Puppet stop frame animation is also a well-known animation, also commonly used in children tv shows. For this type of animation, a lot of figures with different position are needed which allows to create different movement.​

Silhouette animation involves using cut outs and placing them behind of a transparent material, while using a back light to light the sheets. By doing this, the cut out will create a black silhouette which can then be used to create a animation.

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Puppet: Using puppets to create animation.

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Claymation: Unique animation using clay figures. Sculpting of characters and background is included.

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Silhouette: Using characters and props to create black silhouettes

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Cut out: Animation using flat paper or cardboard cut outs.

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Object: using non-drawn objects such as blocks and toys.

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Pixilation: Live actors alter their positioning and movement slightly in each frame.