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Two healthy adults with family and friends as a foundation surrounding them for emotional support.  This is obviously not the norm, but should be the goal during conception - prepared minds creating new life.  Setting goals and understanding how they want to develop and raise their child.

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When the sperm meets the ovum, creating the 46 chromosome zygote.  Knowing what traits you carry -and getting tested prior to conception for defective alleles could benefit long term learning development and health in the child.

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Chromosomes are made of DNA, which ultimately produce proteins that effect the environment within the cell. Broderick and Blewitt, 2015 This is important to note because of the genetic effect the following three steps can have in creating healthy cells in a fetus.

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The next three steps are key.  Being ready for the day the baby comes physically, emotionally, and financially, as this eases the mind during the initial stages post conception.  Find ways to relieve stress and find a quiet place in your living space for the Mother to relax.

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Prenatal vitamins - with essential proteins are vital to the expecting mother's diet.  Promoting brain growth in the fetus which begins on the 25th day.  Adding a wide variety of healthy food options at the 7th month mark, when taste and smell senses arrive, will prepare the baby for an abundant world environment.

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Stress has a large impact in the prenatal stage. Mother's who experience high volumes or intense stress either physical and/or emotional are sending an unborn baby signals of a terrifying outside world. In extreme cases this can effect the hippocampus - the memory center of the brain.

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Smoking and alcohol are prime examples. Everything outside the womb can affect what is inside. Limiting exposure to harmful toxins that could potentially harm fetuses dependent on the stage the mother is in. The father should also do his best to create a teratogen free environment to lower the risk of influence on the mother.

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These are the weeks of incredible neuron growth.  Fostering this process (with the previous three posts) becomes vital to the brain's development.  Understanding that the brain is "malleable" during this time period emphasizes the importance of this prenatal stage.

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At birth through the age of 12 months, rapid neuron growth continues.  The brain is still forming and cells are still deciding what activity and function they will take.  Although this can continue through adulthood, it becomes another critical stage in brain development and long term learning.

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The first few weeks can be incredibly stressful for new parents.  Understanding and preparing for this, and providing a stress free environment at a young age is key.  The 4th trimester is a relatively new theory in an attempt to create this atmosphere.  Combined with an adequate diet, these two factors can have an affect on a child's "physical, social, cognitive development and health."  Broderick and Blewitt (2015)

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That nature and nurture together affect the biological beginnings.  Accepting epigenesis and the fact that outside influences can "trump dominant" traits or alleles a human possesses. Broderick and Blewitt, 2015  The conception, prenatal, and birth stages all play a large role in learning and development long term.  In these phases parents are laying the foundation for biology that will shape the newborn they bring into this world.