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The founder of the Islamic republic. Khomeini's beliefs are that Islamic government should be run according to traditional Islamic sharia, or the traditional Islamic religious law and he was very much against democracy. While Supreme Leader, he wrote a new Islamic constitution for Iran and a lot of it spoke of how democracy was against Islam. People who protested against his regime were killed and he had little sympathy for those on the secular left. He had his beliefs and doctrines taught in public schools across the country.

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Once Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became Iran's leader, one of his first acts was to rid of the Family Protection Law and Family Courts which kept men from unilaterally divorcing their wives, allowed women to have custody over their children, and allowed women to divorce their husbands. Polygamy restrictions were brought back down which meant that women could legally marry at age 9. After that women were pushed to take jobs that were traditionally "for women". Such as teaching and nursing while government jobs were made difficult for women to keep by closing government run day care centers and those in office were usually retired early, demoted, or dismissed.

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From 1925 to 1979 things started looking up for women as they began to gain more and more rights. In education both girls and boys education was free and the first Iranian university admitted both men and women. In their homes their husbands could no longer get a unilaterally divorce, women could file for a divorce, they could try for child custody. Politically women could now vote and run for parliament, the legal age for marriage was raised from 13 to 18, and men now needed their wives permission to marry a second woman.

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The Iranian monarchy began in 1906 and was lead by the Shah. Following the Shah were 24 prime ministers over 40 cabinets. The last Shah to run Iran was Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. With a monarch government there were no checks and balances so pretty much the Shah could

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During the Pahlavi era (1925-1979), they attempted to grow the educational system immensely to try and modernize the country. The public schooling system was based on the French model of education. It aimed in educating to obtain modern careers such as science, teaching, management, and administration. The new educational program didn't really work until the 70s.

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Universities were temporarily closed to redesign the educational system to make it less westernized. The redesigned studies included study of how their old educational system influenced the uprising and revolution of 1979 and why they had to close their schools during the cultural revolution. A lot of the new textbooks were translated into Farsi. Some of the strengths of the new system were 1.)promotion of extracurricular activities, 2.)promotion of conferences, seminars, symposiums ,and 3.) the expansion of universities, majors, and programs in the universities. The weaknesses of the new education system included 1.) the education of ethnic minorities, 2.)  women's education, 3.) teacher education programs, 4.) dropout rate, 5.) human power, 6.) credential-ism, and 7.) growth of schools and their facilities.

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Women, by law, have to wear hijabs on their heads to totally cover their hair. Their clothing had to be loose and not show any skin. If women were caught breaking either of these codes, they could face arrest. Men were no longer allowed to wear shorts or go without a shirt. They too could face arrest if caught breaking dress code.

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Before the revolution, girls were seen in public wearing brightly colored mini skirts and current fashions for the 60s and 70s. Men wore brightly colored shirts, short sleeves and shorts.

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At the head of the Islamic Republic is the Supreme Leader who sets the domestic and foreign policies, is commander-in-chief of armed forces and controls Iran's security, can appoint or dismiss the leaders of the judiciary, declare war or peace, control radio and tv networks, and is the supreme commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Supreme Leader is followed by the President, Parliament, Assembly of Experts, Council of Guardians, Expediency Council, Judiciary, and the National Security and Intelligence. All of which are mostly controlled by the Supreme Leader.

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The last Shah to rule Iran was Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi from September 16, 1941 until he was overthrown on February 11, 1979. Under the rule of the Shah, Iran was ran under a dictatorship and their society was repressed and had little to no political freedoms. During his rule, Iran became very close allies with Britain and America. This caused a lot of westernization in Iran. A big reason these western countries became allies with Iran was for its oil. The Shah used this oil to make money for himself which caused a lot of resentment towards him.