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Complications seen in the infant may include:

Cerebral palsy

Premature delivery

Pregnancy loss or stillbirth (Alcohol and Pregnancy, n.d.)

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Ethanol is the principal psychoactive constituent in alcoholic beverages. In utero it has been found to:

Interfere with normal proliferation of nerve cells;

Increase the formation of free radicals–cell damaging molecular fragments;

Alter cells ability to regulate cell growth, division and survival;

Impair the development and function of astocytes, cells that guide the migration of nerve cells to their proper places;

Interfere with the normal adhesion of cells to one another;

Alter the formation of axons, nerve cell extensions that conduct impulses away from the cell body;

Alter the pathways of biochemical or electrical signals within cells;

Alter the expression of genes, including genes that regulate cell development.(“Light Drinking During Pregnancy”, n.d.)

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An enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the body varies from women to women. It’s difficult to predict how much alcohol is safe for a pregnant woman because some women might have lower or higher counts of this enzyme. If a pregnant women with low levels of this enzyme were to drink, her baby would be more susceptible to harm because the alcohol might circulate her body for a longer period of time (“Drinking Alcohol During Pregnancy”, 2012)

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click on this !!
“Alcohol can cause damage to multiple regions of the brain, specifically to the corpus collosum (connects brain hemispheres), cerebellum (consciousness and voluntary processes), basal ganglia (movement and cognition), hippocampus (emotional behavior and memory), hypothalamus (sensory input), among other neural regions.” (“Light Drinking During Pregnancy”, n.d.)

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Pregnant teens were more likely to use alcohol by 16%, than any other illicit drug or marijuana (“Rate of Substance Abuse High Among Pregnant Teens: Study”, 2015 )

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(Alcohol and Pregnancy, n.d)

Behavioral, social, and attention problems

Heart problems

Physical changes

Poor growth

Seizures

Speech impediments

Learning and remembering (“Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders”, 2016).

Controlling emotions (“Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders”, 2016)

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Alcohol is the leading cause of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, 2016).

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Almost 60% of teens have claimed they have been on some sort of substance while being pregnant (“Rate of Substance Abuse High Among Pregnant Teens: Study”, 2015).