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What kind of religion did this tribe practice (if any)? Did these beliefs shape/change how they lived?

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What kind of religion did this tribe practice (if any)? Did these beliefs shape/change how they lived?

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Christianity, Native American Church,
In the beginning, Tonkawa believed in traditional tribal religions. After the Christian came with the explorer, most of the Tonkawa people followed Christianity.

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How did authority operate (who had the power, how much, how did they use it)?

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How did authority operate (who had the power, how much, how did they use it)?

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Almost same as modern US government, they have president and have meetings to discuss the decision

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Bio.: Tribal President, Russell Martin, is a graduate of Northwestern Oklahoma State University 1989, with a Bachelor's of Science in Business Education and a graduate of Tonkawa High School 1984. He and his wife Kelly of 25 years have four children, Hunter, Gage, Rustin, and Kennedy.

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How did they treat other tribes they encountered? Provide specific examples if available.

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How did they treat other tribes they encountered? Provide specific examples if available.

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They are not very aggressive
In 1758, the Tonkawa along with allied Bidais, Caddos, Wichitas, Comanches, and Yojuanes went to attack the Lipan Apache in the vicinity of Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá, which they destroyed.

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What did this tribe do to survive? How did they get food/clothes/housing? Provide specific examples of how they used what was available around them in order to survive?

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What did this tribe do to survive? How did they get food/clothes/housing? Provide specific examples of how they used what was available around them in order to survive?

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1. they built rather simple, make-shift shelters almost always of a temporary nature

2. Brush shelters were also used

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What is the timeline of this tribe? When did it originate and end?

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What is the timeline of this tribe? When did it originate and end?

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The tribe inhabited northeastern Oklahoma in 1601. By 1700, the stronger and more aggressive Apache had pushed the Tonkawa south to the Red River which forms the border between current-day Oklahoma and Texas.
In 1824, the Tonkawa entered into a treaty with Stephen F. Austin to protect Anglo-American immigrants against the Comanche.
On October 21, 1891, the tribe signed an agreement with the Cherokee Commission to accept individual allotments of land.