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Hispanic Health Initiative Charleston SC - Overview 2013

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Learn more: http://academicdepartments.musc.edu/nursing/initiatives/hhi/ | South Carolina has one of the fastest growing Latino populations in the nation. The increase in the number of Spanish-speaking residents has been recent enough that the cultural norms and health beliefs of the Spanish-speaking population are not well understood by health care providers.

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TOP DISEASES AND RISK FACTORS FOR HISPANICS

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CARING FOR HISPANIC PATIENTS

MD, MPH, G. J. (Ed.). (2013, January 1). Caring for Latino Patients. Retrieved September 11, 2016, from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0101/p48.html

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Latinos comprise nearly 16 percent of the U.S. population, and this proportion is anticipated to increase to 30 percent by 2050. Latinos are a diverse ethnic group that includes many different cultures, races, and nationalities. Barriers to care have resulted in striking disparities in quality of health care for these patients.

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TIMELINE HISTORY OF ETHIC GROUP IN UNITED STATES
TIMELINE OF IMPORTANT DATES (A. Romero, Trans.). (2013, August 30). Retrieved September 10, 2016, from http://www.pbs.org/latino-americans/en/timeline/

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1836

On the February 23, Mexico's, Antonio Lopez Santa Anna, takes possession of San Antonio.

On March 6, day 13 of the siege, Santa Anna's forces breach the Alamo defenses. All the defenders of the Alamo, 189 men, are killed.

On April 21, after joining forces with Sam Houston's army, Juan Seguin defeats the Mexican army in the Battle of San Jacinto-a battle that lasted all of 18 minutes.

1846

In April, Mexico and the United States go to war over disputed territory.

On June 14, Military Commander of California Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo is awakened by an angry mob of Anglo settlers-forcing him to sign the Articles of Capitulation to make California an independent republic.

1895

Cuban rebels stage an insurrection, led by the poet Jose Martí.

1898

On February 15, in Havana Harbor, Cuba, an explosion destroys a U.S. battleship-killing 266 men aboard. The United States subsequently declares war on Spain. The war lasts 13 weeks.

The Cuban Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Cubano) strikes a deal with the U.S. Congress; in exchange for the rebels' cooperation with U.S. military intervention, the United States promises to leave Cuba at the end of the war.

The United States acquires Puerto Rico through war and claims it as a territory.

1901

Under the Platt Amendment, the United States limits Cuban independence as written into the Cuban Constitution. The United States reserves the right to build a naval base on Cuba and enforces that Cuba cannot sign treaties with other countries or borrow money unless it is deemed agreeable to the United States. With these parameters in place, the U.S. government hands the government of Cuba over to the Cuban people.

The Federación Libre de los Trabajadores (Workers Labor Federation) becomes affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, which in turn breaks from its prior policy of excluding non-whites.

1910

The Mexican Revolution begins as a revolt against President Porfirio Diaz. The railroads that had once served as a means for trade and development now serve as the main escape from the violence of the revolution.

1917

Puerto Ricans are granted U.S. citizenship.

In February, Congress passes the Immigration Act of 1917, which enforces a literacy requirement on all immigrants.

On April 6, the United States declares war against Germany, joining WWI.

With many able-bodied American men off to war, "temporary" Mexican workers are encouraged and permitted to enter the United States to work.

In May, the Selective Service Act becomes law, obligating Mexican immigrants in the United States to register for the draft even though they are not eligible.

1932

The United States government begins to deport Mexicans. Between 300,000 and 500,000 Mexican Americans would be forced out of the United States in the 1930s.

1943

On August 23, Macario Garcia becomes the first Mexican national to receive a U.S. Congressional Medal of Honor, yet is refused service at the Oasis Café near his home in Texas.

Prompted by the WWII labor shortage, the U.S. government launches an agreement with Mexico to import temporary workers (braceros), to fill the void in agricultural work.

1944

D-Day invasion of Europe on June 6.

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 is passed, providing settlements for veterans. Mexican American veterans, however, have trouble receiving these benefits.

Operation Bootstrap, a program initiated by Puerto Rico to encourage industrialization and to meet U.S. labor demands, fuels a large wave of migrant workers to the United States.

1948

Dr. Hector Garcia, a witness to racial injustice, begins holding meetings for Mexican Americans to voice their concerns, and in March they establish a new Mexican American movement: the American GI Forum.

This group gets national attention after a Latino soldier killed in action, Pvt. Felix Z. Longoria, is refused burial in Texas. Then-Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, appalled by this blatant bigotry, makes arrangements for Longoria to be buried at the prestigious Arlington National Cemetery.

1961

On April 17, 1,400 U.S.-trained Cuban exiles invade Cuba-within 72 hours, Fidel Castro's forces easily defeat the Bay of Pigs Invasion.

Aspira (Aspire) is founded to promote the education of Hispanic youth and acquires a national following, serving Puerto Ricans wherever they live in large numbers.

West Side Story is made into a film; the role of Anita goes to a Puerto Rican, Rita Moreno, who takes home an Academy Award for her performance.

Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, dictator of the Dominican Republic, is assassinated in a C.I.A.-backed plot.

1966

Striking workers are subjected to physical and verbal attacks throughout their peaceful demonstrations, and on March 16, the Senate Sub-Committee on Migratory Labor held hearings in Delano.

March 17, the morning following the hearings, Cesar Chavez sets out with 100 farm workers to begin his pilgrimage to the San Joaquin Valley. After 25 days, their numbers swell from hundreds, to an army of thousands.

On Easter Sunday, the state capital is finally in sight. With public sympathy mounting and the spring growing season upon them, growers finally agree to meet with union representatives.

1968

On March 6, a walkout is planned and coordinated among East L.A. high schools. Approximately 10,000 students peacefully walk out of four schools and are joined by parents and supporters. Police are sent to maintain order-and things get out of hand.

Following the police riot, on March 7 the students walk out again. The walkouts continue for two weeks until the demands are met.

Just days after the opening of the HemisFair in San Antonio, Chicano high school students stage walkouts-first in San Antonio, then in 39 towns across Texas, eventually spreading to nearly 100 high schools in 10 states.

Jose Angel Gutierrez is the mastermind behind much of this activism.

1970

Herman Badillo is elected into the U.S. House of Representatives, making him the first Puerto Rican to serve in Congress.

In Crystal City, Texas, Jose Angel Gutierrez forms a political party, La Raza Unida ("The United Race").

Elections in April see an unprecedented victory for Chicanos. Gutierrez is elected county judge and La Raza Unida controls not only the school board, but city and county government as well.

1974

Willie Velasquez of San Antonio organizes thousands of voter registration drives across the Southwest, encouraging the Latino population to vote.

He notices, however, that the problem is not the number of Latino voters, but the electoral system. He later would file voting rights lawsuits-never losing a case.

Congress passes the Equal Educational Opportunity Act to create equality in public schools by offering bilingual education to Hispanic students.

1980

In the spring, Fidel Castro announces that any Cuban who wishes to leave may do so. Shortly after this declaration, a ramshackle armada sails from South Florida to the port of Mariel.

Over a period of five months, more than 125,000 Cubans arrive in South Florida.

The newly arrived Cubans are quickly branded as mentally ill or criminal, following a CBS News story. Although only 4 percent are from mental hospitals, more than 25,000 have criminal records.

The media perpetuates the stereotype of mentally ill or criminal in shows and movies, such as Miami Vice and Scarface.

The English-only campaign comes roaring back, with Emmy Shafer again at the helm. In the 1980 election, voters approve the ordinance to end official bilingualism.

1996

Proposition 187 is ruled unconstitutional, on the grounds that only the federal government has the authority to regulate immigration. Eliseo Medina spearheads the movement to file lawsuits against Proposition 187.

Medina becomes the first Mexican American Vice President of the Service Employees International Union.

2003

Hispanics are pronounced the nation's largest minority group-surpassing African Americans.

CHLI is the premier organization founded by members of Congress to advance the Hispanic Community's Economic Progress with a focus on social responsibility and global competitiveness.

2010

With no new comprehensive federal immigration policy in place, states began to enact their own.

In April, Arizona Governor Jan Brewer signs the broadest and toughest anti-illegal immigrant law in U.S. history. The legislation, SB-1070, cracks down on anyone harboring or hiring undocumented immigrants and gives local police unprecedented powers.

Marco Rubio, a second-generation Cuban American, is elected U.S. Senator from Florida.

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1836 On the February 23, Mexico's, Antonio Lopez Santa Anna, takes possession of San Antonio. On March 6, day 13 of the siege, Santa Anna's forces breach the Alamo defenses. All the defenders of the Alamo, 189 men, are killed.