# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CLU-IN | Technologies > Remediation > About Remediation Technologies > Bioremediation > Overview

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Technology Focus: bundling information for particular technologies that may be used in a variety of applications

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
You are your microbes - Jessica Green and Karen Guillemin

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Microbiome Acquired at Birth - Bacterial Rite of Passage | AMNH

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
You get your DNA from both parents. But your microbiome is acquired from your mother on the way out of the womb.

# data[].attributes.body
How bacteria talk

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Many species of bacteria use quorum sensing to coordinate gene expression according to the density of their local population. Vibrio fischeri has bioluminescent properties and is found predominantly in symbiosis with various marine animals, such as the bobtail squid. Bobtail squid have a symbiotic relationship with bioluminescent bacteria, which inhabit a special light organ in the squid's mantle. Luminous bacteria are the most widely distributed light-emitting organisms with the majority existing in seawater and the remainder living in the terrestrial or freshwater environment. Virulence is the degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of parasites as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. Molecular biology chiefly concerns itself with understanding the interactions between the various systems of a cell.Carly Denly, the producer of Nova scienceNOW segment, conducted an interview with Bonnie Bassler on October 19, 2006.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Many species of bacteria use quorum sensing to coordinate gene expression according to the density of their local population. Vibrio fischeri has bioluminescent properties and is found predominantly in symbiosis with various marine animals, such as the bobtail squid. Bobtail squid have a symbiotic relationship with bioluminescent bacteria, which inhabit a special light organ in the squid's mantle.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Technically a microorganism or microbe is an organism that is microscopic. Microbiology is the study of Microorganisms. Microorganisms are divided into seven kinds: microorganism, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and multicellular animal parasites every kind has a cellular composition, morphology, manner of locomotion, and replication. Microorganisms are beneficial in generating oxygen, decomposing organic material, presenting vitamins for flora, and retaining human health, however a few can be pathogenic and motive diseases in flora and humans.

Micro Organism

bacteria are unicellular organisms. The cells are defined as prokaryotic due to the fact they lack a nucleus. They exist in four important shapes: bacillus (rod form), coccus (round form), spirilla (spiral form), and vibrio (curved form). Most bacteria have a peptidoglycan cellular wall; they divide by binary fission; and they may own flagella for motility. The difference of their cell wall shape is a chief feature used in classifying those organisms. According to the way they reap electricity, bacteria are categorised as heterotrophs or autotrophs. Autotrophs make their own food through the usage of the energy of sunlight or chemical reactions, wherein case they may be referred to as chemoautotrophs. Heterotrophs obtain their energy by ingesting other organisms. Microorganisms that use decaying existence forms as a supply of strength are referred to as saprophytes.

Some Microorganisms like bacteria, are parasitic and can have a negative effect on plants, humans or animals by attacking the very cells that contain more complex living organism. They prey and feed on other beneficial Microorganisms and bacteria in the form of a disease that the plant or body must fight off through their immune system.

In spite of the fact that Anton van Leeuwenhoek originally watched microscopic organisms in the late 1600s, it was not until late in the nineteenth century that the germ hypothesis of sickness turned out to be commonly acknowledged. The exploration of French researcher Louis Pasteur gave powerful proof that specific Microorganisms were in charge of human disease. Among his different discoveries, he found three microscopic organisms, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Pneumococcus, that can cause disease in the human body.

Division of Microorganism

Archaea may be round, rod, spiral, lobed, square or abnormal in form. An unusual flat, rectangular-formed species that lives in salty swimming pools has also been found. Some exist as unmarried cells, others form filaments or clusters. Till the Seventies this group of microbes changed into categorised as bacteria. Many archaea were found residing in excessive environments, as an example at excessive pressures, salt concentrations or temperatures. Those kinds of organisms are called extremophiles.

Fungi may be single celled or very complicated multicellular organisms. they're found in pretty much any habitat; however most live on land, specially in soil or on plant cloth as opposed to in sea or freshwater. A group known as the decomposers develop in the soil or on useless plants wherein they play an important role inside the cycling of carbon and other factors. A few are parasites of plants causing diseases including mildews, rusts, scabs or canker. In vegetation, fungal diseases can lead to tremendous economic loss for the farmer. a totally small number of Fungi-motor illnesses in animals. In humans these include pores and skin diseases together with athletes' foot, ringworm and thrush.

All Protozoans are eukaryotes and consequently have a "proper," or membrane-certain, nucleus.

Algae are capable of reproducing thru asexual or vegetative techniques and via sexual replica.

Bacteria : They are the most common type of Microorganisms. They do not have a core inside the body and also do not contain organelles. Inside Microorganisms, there are two parts, Positive microbes which have thicker cell divider and Negatives which have a slimmer layer sandwiched between an internal and external film.

Viruses are considered non-living creatures by many specialists. They basically comprise of nucleic corrosive (DNA or RNA,) and a protein coat. A Virus (an infection molecule) requires a host cell to reproduce. Inside the human life systems, an infection enters a human cell and captures it, and then utilizing the cell to reproduce.

Harmful Microorganisms

It is Important to Recall That:

A pathogen is a small sized microorganism that can possibly cause illness.

Contamination is the attack and increase of pathogenic organisms in a person or a plant.

The disease is the point at which the contamination starts affecting the person's immune system.

Contamination does not generally result in sickness!

To cause disease, Microorganisms must enter our bodies. The site at which they enter is known as the gateway of a section.

Microorganisms can enter the body through the four parts recorded beneath:

Respiratory tract (mouth and nose) such as flu infection which causes this season's flu virus

Gastrointestinal tract (mouth oral depression) for example Vibrio cholera which causes cholera.

Breaks in the skin surface, for example, Clostridium tetani which cause lockjaw.

To make us sick, organisms to need to:

Reach their aim site in the body

Attach to the goal site they are attempting to taint with the goal that they are not unstuck

Get their supplements from the host

Avoid and endure assault by the host's resistant framework

Uses of Microorganisms

1. Creation of Dairy Items :

10. Fertility of Soil:

Microorganisms have an essential job in keeping up the clearing of the dirt. They help in the fertilizing the soil. Additionally, Microorganisms present in the dirt help circulate air through it and improve the dirt with nitrates and different supplements. These supplements are required by the yields for a plentiful group.

Useful Microorganisms

Use to extract curd from milk.

Rhizobium found in pulse plants' roots restores nitrogen from the air and delivers nitrogen compounds to the heart beat.

Micro-organisms also are utilised in winemaking, baking, pickling, and different meals-making procedures.

Alcoholic fermentation by yeast is widely used inside the preparation of wine and bread.

Microbes are used to reduce pollutants. For example, decomposers consisting of microorganism and fungi spoil our bodies and excreta to form inorganic compounds, which vegetation can absorb.

Microbes additionally play a vital function in the preparation of drug treatments. Antibiotics are chemicals produced by way of Microorganisms to kill microorganism.

Penicillin is an antibiotic which is obtained from Penicillium.

The micro organism in our intestine helps in proper digestion and releases nutrition B, absorbed by the intestine.

Many vaccines are prepared from Microorganisms. These vaccines are given to youngsters to guard them from the disorder.

Positive microbes also are used inside the organic remedy of sewage and industrial effluents.

Yeast is utilised in making idli, bhaturas, bread, pastries, and cakes.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Technically a microorganism or microbe is an organism that is microscopic. Microbiology is the study of Microorganisms. Microorganisms are divided into seven kinds: microorganism, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and multicellular animal parasites every kind has a cellular composition, morphology, manner of locomotion, and replication.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Microorganisms, in the form of viruses, fungi and bacteria, are everywhere. It's impossible to avoid them when the human body contains 10 times more bacteria than human cells. While the most familiar microorganisms are harmful, such as the flu and the common cold, many microorganisms are incredibly helpful. They have uses everywhere from agriculture to cutting-edge medical technology. Every year, researchers are finding new uses and benefits of microorganisms to be applied in medicine, infrastructure, cooking and other areas.

TL;DR (Too Long; Didn't Read)

Microorganisms have uses and benefits across all aspects of human life. From the bacteria that help humans digest food to the viruses that help plants resist heat, bacteria, viruses and fungi - when used properly - are key components in food, medicine, agriculture and other areas. In the future, they may even be core components of infrastructure and other new technologies.

Bacteria and fungi are required to maintain a healthy environment. Not only do they recycle natural wastes and dead animal and plant matter, they also produce many of the nutrients that plants need to grow. Bacteria, in particular, are the only living things that can fix nitrogen for use in plants. At the same time, microorganisms work in tandem with certain plants to aid them. Some viruses have been found to provide heat resistance to grasses in arid locations, and many plants store bacteria in their roots to help absorb certain nutrients more easily.

In addition to their direct environmental benefits, microorganisms are important partners when it comes to the work of creating food. They can be used to increase the fertility of the soil and increase crop yields, and they are necessary when making products like bread, beer and cheese and when growing coffee. At the same time, foods with probiotic properties, such as yogurt and certain types of chocolate, deliver helpful microorganisms to our digestive systems.

Microorganisms known as gut flora help us digest food and regulate the production of vitamins and nutrients essential to keeping our bodies strong and healthy. Bacteria are the first line of defense the human body has against infection. The bacteria in our bodies produce natural antibiotics to repel harmful microorganisms, and if a foreign virus does infect us, many people are host to a beneficial virus that slows the rate of viral spread in the body.

We regularly aid the microorganisms in our bodies by adding more. Though certain species of microorganisms can make you sick - strep throat, the flu and measles are nothing to laugh at - modern medicine would not exist if not for the careful study of microorganisms. Bacteria and viruses are the key components of the vaccines that prevent the spread of once-deadly diseases like smallpox. Today microorganisms allow us to artificially grow helpful substances such as insulin and human growth hormones, and reprogrammed viruses are frequently used as drug-delivery mechanisms.

Applications of microorganisms in our world are constantly being studied. Certain fungi have been theorized to have anti-cancer properties, and the CRISPR Cas9 gene found in certain types of bacteria is currently being used as a gene-editing tool. Viruses have the potential to act as the future of nanotechnology, and bacteria are currently being tested as the core component of self-repairing concrete that could revolutionize infrastructure and the way we build buildings.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Five Beneficial Effects of Microorganisms

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Microorganisms, in the form of viruses, fungi and bacteria, are everywhere. It's impossible to avoid them when the human body contains 10 times more bacteria than human cells. While the most familiar microorganisms are harmful, such as the flu and the common cold, many microorganisms are incredibly helpful.

# data[].attributes.body
Meet your microbes
NOTE click in the lower right hand corner to make this full screen for the video to work

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Our bodies are covered in a sea of microbes -- both the pathogens that make us sick and the "good" microbes, about which we know less, that might be keeping us healthy. At TEDMED, microbiologist Jonathan Eisen shares what we know, including some surprising ways to put those good microbes to work.

# data[].attributes.body
100 trillion bacteria call the human body home

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
100 trillion good bacteria call human body home