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can we know what's the format of our mid sem examination questions ? were they MCQ ? true or false ? or else ?
Oh dear! Hope it has been easy :D. Senang sgt kan. SAR

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Pray for mid term exam :)

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I love you madam !Exam bagi senag sikit ehh :;)

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I love you madam !Exam bagi senag sikit ehh :;)

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I love you madam !!Exam bagi senag sikit ehh :;)

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I love you madam !!Exam bagi senag sikit ehh :;)

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I love you madam !! Exam bagi senag sikit ehh :;)

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I love you madam !! Exam bagi senag sikit ehh :;)

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I love you madam !! Exam bagi senag sikit ehh :

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I love you madam !! Exam bagi senag sikit ehh :

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Thank you for teaching us. We'll miss you! <3

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Thank you for teaching us. We'll miss you! <3

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This (padlet) is a really good alternative in expressing our opinion, thank you Dr for making the learning session quite interactive. I really like it 😃

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Rafiq cute

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AMMAR HENSEMMM 😻

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Refinement is looking at pain and how to reduce the pain by adjusting the method

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World is a cruel place to live in

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To explore other Allah's creation for sake of knowledge

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Need to use more animal to test higher dose for seeing the limiting of the dose in term of toxicology

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E

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Effect more serious

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Jangn mengarut

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Do not use animal for small matter

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Do not use

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YaAllah Ampunillah Nabila

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Mengucap guys mengucap

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Ammar paling hensem k :")

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Stress aku

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Replace animal with non-animal  less sentient animal in experiment

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Replace animal with non-animal  less sentient animal in experiment

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Reduce the number of animal and use pain relieving drug to cause less harm to animal

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Ketam perform

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Use model instead 9of animals.

Reduce
Less fewer animals. Minimised.

Refinement
Use procedure that will give Less harm & pain

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There's a debate on whether reduction and replacement are even necessary because on how a controversional belief state that as long as they are healthy and living a good life ahead, its ok

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Dr, pray for us on our exam 😚 Saranghae 

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Dr, pray for us on our exam 😚 Saranghae 

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Midsem exam at 10 yeay (:

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Bangga jadi ketam

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One of the issues regarding to the reduction and refinement. They argue instead of killing the animals, scientist shuld use the minimal number of animals

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Dr , do pray for us for our exam !! Saranghae <

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Scientist argued that reducing is not even desirable as it will limit the expansion the area of animal research

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Many parties go for relative instead of reduction which shows disagreement among these certain parties 

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Many parties go for relative instead of reduction which shows disagreement among these certain parties 

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Should replace the animals with other

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Olsen supported using animal for benefits in science but the principles of 3R should be applied to minimise torture towards animals

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Argue on the high quality of care on research animals

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use fewer number of animals to get the same result is better

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use fewer number of animals to get the same result is better

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The authors saw replacement as a ultimate goal for animal laboratory researched,

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Investigators must consider whether animals are required or whether suitable replacement alternatives exist. When animals are used, the investigator must consider how best to decrease the number of animals used to a minimum and/or how to maximize the amount of information obtained per animal (Reduction alternatives), and must identify potential harms and ways to minimize these (Refinement alternatives). Consideration of the Three Rs will start during the early stages of research planning, together with development of the experimental protocol (rather than as a last minute addition).

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One of issues raised is the procedure apply if it will inflict less harm on more animals or inflict more harm on less animal

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One of issues raised is the procedure apply if it will inflict less harm on more animals or inflict more harm on less animal

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encouraging alternatives to animal testingto improve animal welfare

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e scientists have argued that reducing the total numbers used is not desirable.

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Ethical gap, human-animal relationships

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Strategies to achieve the goal of refinement often need to be customised to a specific set of circumstances. With increasing knowledge and experience, a number of useful guidelines have been developed to assist in minimising the impact of particular procedures and practises

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a  procedure carried  out  on  an  animal  with  less  capacity  to  experience  pain would  result  in  less  harm  than  the  same  procedure  carried  out on  an  animal  with  more  capacity  to  suffer.

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They argue they prefer to use more animals but reduce harm to them rather than use fewer animals but cause them greater harm

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They argue they prefer to use more animals but reduce harm to them rather than use fewer animals but cause them greater harm

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3R is about on handling or taking act on animal in the very right ways. ^^

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Reduce and refine are contradicts

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If the replacement is used then reduction and refinement is not really relevant or no need to use

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If the replacement is used then reduction and refinement is not really relevant or no need to use

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3R summarises on the innovation and idea that replace and reduce the need for animals in research and testing and lead improvement of welfare

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Olson she said that in order for the reduction n refinement to be applied, we must restrict the replacement method first 

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Olson she said that in order for the reduction n refinement to be applied, we must restrict the replacement method first 

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ANIMAL ETHICS

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3r should be implemented in research studies when using animals so that they are more respected and we can be more human

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should we replace animal for experimentation or should we use better animal for increased efficiency

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Refinement is techniques use to minimize pain such as using ultrasound and ct

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Issue of to reduce the  of usage Animal.use  animal by reducing

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replace the animal with tissue sample and refine the pain of the animals during experiment

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replace the animal with tissue sample and refine the pain of the animals during experiment

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The principles of the 3Rs which are Replacement, Reduction and Refinement were established as a guideline for humane animal research

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reduce the number of animals used in experiment, replace them with oth

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reduce the number of animals used in experiment, replace them with oth

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Should the idea of not using animal when possible still applicable if the education is not causing harm to the animal?

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Should the idea of not using animal when possible still applicable if the education is not causing harm to the animal?

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reduce the number of animals used in experiment, replace them with other of t

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reduce the number of animals used in experiment, replace them with other of t

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3R
Eventhough the idea of 3R sounds fantastic but it seems to carry confusing element as 3R principle do not have a very clear guidelines and sometimes each of the R will intercept with each  other.

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he argue treat animal in experiment using less pain

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he argue

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he

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he

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e

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Refine the way in handling the animal and euthanasia methodology in the exp

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reduce the number of animals used in experiment, replace them wome of them 

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reduce the number of animals used in experiment, replace them wome of them 

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reduce the number of animals used in experiment, replace them withome of them 

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reduce the number of animals used in experiment, replace them withome of them 

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We should reduce the number of animal that used in experiments and replace its with other better alternative