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Nearly 70 percent of the world is covered by water, but only around 3 percent of it is fresh. The rest is saline and ocean-based.

Just 1 percent of the freshwater is easily accessible. The rest is in the forms of glaciers and snowfields.

People need water to survive. It is use for drinking, producing food, clothing, basic sanitation, moving our waste stream, and keeping us and the environment healthy.

Source: Clean Water Crisis Facts and Information (nationalgeographic.com)

Some 2.2 billion people around the world do not have safely managed drinking water services, 4.2 billion people do not have safely managed sanitation services, and 3 billion lack basic handwashing facilities.

Source: 1 in 3 people globally do not have access to safe drinking water – UNICEF, WHO

When water is rare, people don't have access to enough water for drinking and basic sanitation.

Sanitation is the management and facilities of safe disposal of human human waste (Urine and Feces).

Lack of clean water and sanitation can cause:
1. A lot of diseases such as: Cholera,Hepatitis A, Diarrhoea,dysentery

2.Anxiety and affect well being, as well as the risk to sexual harrasment

3. Less food/agriculture production
The lack of water can affect the amount of food production. To grow, agricultural crops need enough amount of water. This condition can lead to malnutrition.

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Innovative technology helps humans gain equal access to clean water and sanitation

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1. Causation
2. Responsibility
3. Change

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Strategies from W.H.O include:
1.Giving advise to governments about health base rules or policies.

2.W.H.O monitors sanitation progress in countries, focusing on diseases and access to clean & sanitation

3. W.H.O works with partners and makes guidelines on health and santation

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Innovative technology helps humans to gain equal access to clean water

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Make A Game

Campaign

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- water scarcity
- sanitation

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1. Water scarcity and unequal access to basic sanitation and their impacts (causation)
2. Strategies and innovative technology to provide access to clean water and sanitation (responsibility)
3. Protection and restoration of water-related ecosystems (change)

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PYPX Has thought me a lot and one of them is to be a risk taker if we want to do anything we need to take the risk
I hope my presentation can make the audience understand how rare is clean water and how important it is

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Made with Seesaw - Student Driven Digital Portfolios. Free for teachers!

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Lack of safe drinking water and adequate sanitation effects countries around the globe.

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An inquiry into rights and responsibilities in the struggle to share finite resources with other people and with other living things; communities and the relationships within and between them; access to equal opportunities; peace and conflict resolution.(highlight the chosen phrase)

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Equal access clean water for everyone

Innovation needed to provide more clean water for all

Efforts from the government and participation from other parties to build the infrastructure

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Whether it's from drought or lack of access, more than a billion people around the world don't have enough clean water

Acute drought conditions and dwindling natural water resources are focusing more attention on what continues to be a worldwide problem: a lack of access to fresh, potable water.

Water scarcity can be defined as a lack of sufficient water, or not having access to safe water supplies.

Water is a pressing need in many areas of the world. That scarcity is spreading as water is needed to grow and process food, create energy, and serve industry for a continually growing population. Climate change is a key contributing factor.

Clean water is an essential ingredient of a healthy human life, but 1.2 billion people lack access to water, according to recent estimates from the International Water Management Institute cited in The World's Water: Volume 8, edited by Peter H. Gleick. By 2025, two-thirds of the world's population may be facing water shortages, according to the World Wildlife Federation. Available freshwater supplies worldwide continue to dwindle. By 2030, water demand is forecast to increase by 40%, according to Even Kuross, a management consultant based in Oslo, writing in Fair Observer. The world population is expected to reach 9 billion, placing pressure on water supplies.

Physical Water Scarcity

Physical water scarcity occurs when there isn't enough water to meet demand. Roughly 20% of the world's population now lives in physical water scarcity, which The World's Water: Volume 8 defines as areas in which water withdrawals exceed 75% of river flows. Another 500 million live in areas "approaching physical scarcity." This could be the result of dry or arid local conditions, but distribution also plays a role. The Water Project points out the Colorado River basin as a prime example "of a seemingly abundant source of water being overused and over managed, leading to very serious physical water scarcity downstream."

Water Economics

There is another equally challenging source of water scarcity: economic factors. The Water Project explains:

In the developing world, finding a reliable source of safe water is often time consuming and expensive. This is known as economic scarcity. Water can be found [...] it simply requires more resources to do it. [...] Economic water scarcity is by far the most disturbing form of water scarcity because it is almost entirely a lack of compassion and good governance that allows the condition to persist. Economic water scarcity exists when a population does not have the necessary monetary means to utilize an adequate source of water.

Economic water scarcity is predominant throughout Africa, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. An estimated 1.6 billion people around the world live in areas of economic water scarcity, with 780 million people living in areas with no basic water services. Compounding the lack of infrastructure investment are political and ethnic conflicts, which continue to increase and intensify worldwide as water becomes more and more scarce, writes Brian Richter in the book Chasing Water: A Guide for Moving from Scarcity to Sustainability. Inadequate water supplies can also contribute to political and economic instability.

Population Pressure

The Worldwatch Institute's Supriya Kumar told Voice of America that water scarcity will continue worsening worldwide as the global population continues to grow:

Over 1.2 billion are basically living in areas of physical water scarcity. And almost 1.6 billion face economic water shortage. And these are really extreme numbers. And as our population continues to grow there's just going to be more problems. And we're going to really have to face drastic measures in order to make sure the people have access to water.

In the biennial compendium of freshwater information and data, Gleick writes that one key challenge inherent in quantifying the problem is that data is not gathered reliably or consistently. Some of the latest water use data available is actually 20 or more years old. Without reliable, baseline data, many key issues cannot be adequately addressed by policymakers.

Select Water Footprint Per Capita Data, 1996- 2005*

(thousands)

(Cubic meters per person per year)

Water Scarcity Solutions

There are several available solutions able to effectively address water scarcity, including water reuse, storage, management, conservation, and numerous water treatment technologies such as desalination. Typically, one or more approaches must be adopted in tandem to be effective, whether a water-reliant corporation or a government entity is doing the adopting. The crux of the issue is balancing available supply with demand or consumption. Adding water supply through reuse or desalination, for example, isn't a panacea. Without water management and strategies for adequately addressing ever-increasing demand, the solution is incomplete.

Let's look at a few of these solutions, as well as how and where they are being implemented.

Aquifer Recharging

Groundwater is water that collects below the earth's surface in fissures and crevasses, then moves into aquifers. An aquifer is a body of permeable soil or rock that contains or transmits groundwater. Typically, aquifers fill or recharge from rain or snowmelt when the water flows downward until it reaches less permeable rock.

In times of drought or water scarcity, little water is available naturally to recharge existing groundwater supplies, which can become depleted by overuse. Groundwater withdrawals have tripled in the past 50 years, according to 2012 United Nations estimates cited in The World's Water: Volume 8. Areas with the highest groundwater withdrawals include parts of China, India, and the United States. Roughly 67% of all water withdrawn is destined for agricultural use, 22% is allocated for domestic use, and 11% goes for industrial use.

In some areas, including Australia and California, groundwater or aquifer recharging is being explored to help bolster water supplies. The process involves the injection or infiltration of excess surface water into underground aquifers. Water may be treated before it is injected. The water can be stored underground until it is needed. Some watersheds are being restored with native plant species in wetland areas to support aquifers' natural recharge capabilities.

Surface water is often stored in dams, lakes, reservoirs, and tanks, but there are many challenges associated with it, including flooding, pollution by natural and manmade sources, and losses from evaporation or seepage.

Water Reuse and Zero-Liquid Discharge Technology

Several interrelated strategies and approaches to water reuse can alleviate water scarcity for municipalities and industries. These include water recycling and reuse, and the use of zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) systems, which use, treat, and reuse water in a closed-loop system without release or discharge.

Recycled, or reclaimed, water can be used in a variety of applications across industries, both inside facilities and in the community. Typical uses for recycled water include surface irrigation for orchards and vineyards, golf courses, landscaped areas, and food crops. Other uses include the recharging of groundwater, preservation or augmentation of ecosystems such as wetlands or riparian habitat, and in industrial processes. Nonpotable water can be used for toilet flushing, irrigating landscaping, washing vehicles and streets, and other similar purposes.

With these systems, wastewater - once viewed as a useless, disposable commodity - becomes a valuable resource. Fluence has worldwide experience in the advanced treatment of wastewater, creating systems for water reuse across a range of industrial, agricultural, and municipal processes. Fluence's water treatment technologies are capable of producing pure and ultrapure water for reuse in various applications, including power generation, beverage bottling, food production, and agriculture irrigation.

One important aspect of water reuse is that it preserves valuable sources of fresh water. One example is the new Ashalim solar thermal power plant in Israel, which relies on local fresh water for its cooling-tower make-up water. The government was looking for a system to reuse fresh water and minimize the discharge of brackish blowdown wastewater.

Fluence devised a solution that includes filtration, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis in modular containers. Recycling the cooling water before discharge into evaporation ponds reduces use of valuable fresh water by 50% and lowers discharge volumes.

The food and beverage industry also uses water reuse and zero-discharge technologies. In fact, such technologies can improve their overall cost of operations as well as make them resilient in periods of water scarcity. In a March 2012 interview with Food Manufacturing, Henry J. Charrabé, managing director and chief executive officer of Fluence, explained:

Food plants require a large volume of water to process foods, clean plant equipment and remove waste products. [...] The enormous amount of wastewater that must be treated is a burdensome cost for many food manufacturers. This is why water and wastewater treatment present both a challenge and an opportunity for food plant operators.

A PepsiCo Frito-Lay facility in Casa Grande, Arizona, is reportedly the first U.S. food processing plant able to produce drinking-quality process water for reuse. The snack food manufacturing plant, which processes potatoes and corn, has a 2,460-m ³/d process water recovery treatment system that has helped Frito-Lay reduce its annual water use by 378,541 m ³. It landfills less than 1% of its waste, making it a near-net-zero waste facility.

Water reuse - whether it is grey water or recycled water - can save fresh water for human consumption in times of water stress and water scarcity. In Australia, for example, grey water use would reportedly save more than 1 trillion liters of fresh drinking water annually. Although some consumers are skeptical about drinking recycled water, vocal advocates - including Microsoft founder turned philanthropist Bill Gates - continue to demonstrate there is nothing to fear from drinking properly treated water.

Desalination

An increasingly popular solution to fresh water scarcity is treating saline or brackish water sources through a process known as desalination. This process can treat seawater or groundwater containing salt concentrations that make the water unfit for human consumption. Fresh water, for example, is defined as water with less than 1,000 ppm of salt. Highly saline water contains between 10,000 ppm and 35,000 ppm of salt.

Many nations are increasing their investment in desalination to develop reliable water sources in the face of growing demand. These include the United Arab Emirates, nations with limited available water supplies such as Cyprus, and water-stressed areas of the U.S. There are an estimated 16,000 desalination plants in operation around the world, the largest of which are in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Israel.

In the UAE, for example, water demand is expected to double between 2011 and 2020. Most of that demand is being filled through desalination, with roughly US$3.27 billion spent annually for desalination. Abu Dhabi reportedly produced 650 million GPD in 2011.

Unfortunately, desalination often has relied heavily on power-hungry, fixed facilities. Masdar estimated that seawater desalination requires about 10 times more energy than pumping well water does.

But there are solutions available to overcome these conventional obstacles. For example, some larger desalination facilities may include a cogeneration plant - a greener source of power for treatment.

Decentralized Treatment Solutions

Another way to save money is by bringing the treatment to where it's needed, eliminating the need for extensive delivery infrastructure. Fluence - which already designs, manufactures, and supplies state-of-the-art, full-scale desalination plants with capacities from 20,000 to 100,000 m ³/d - is leading the way with affordable decentralized treatment solutions, like the modular, containerized water treatment plants in its NIROBOX™ line. Nirobox has options for both seawater and brackish water, as well as for wastewater treatment.

Nirobox is a plug-and-play, scalable solution that can be quickly deployed. One good example can be found at Reserva Conchal, a five-star resort in drought-affected Costa Rica. Water shortage and lack of water delivery infrastructure were posing a threat to tourism, necessitating a local, high-quality, dependable supply of potable water that wouldn't hurt the environment.

In just eight months from order to startup, Fluence provided three Nirobox containerized seawater desalination units with a total output of 1,500 m ³ of water a day.

Access to power can be an obstacle to decentralized water treatment. Conventional activated sludge treatment requires a substantial amount of energy to power aerators.

A revolutionary new technology from Fluence cuts energy use for aeration by 90%. Membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) not only save money, but their low energy needs make it possible to establish wastewater treatment in remote locations.

For example, an agricultural community of 1,000 homes in Israel's Jezreel Valley needed to update a pond system that was unable to lower nutrient levels to government standards. The solution had to be odorless and quiet, have low power consumption, and use the existing pond structure. By adding decentralized MABR units, the process was able to provide 125 m ³/d of water suitable for reuse in irrigation.

Water Management

The management of water resources using existing policies and regulations is a way to address many water-related challenges, including water reuse water rights, and others. It addresses the effects of natural events and human intervention - such as damming or dredging - on natural water resources, and also addresses the long-term, cumulative effects of water policy decisions on the economy, institutions, and environment. This may be through the development of policies regarding domestic water supplies, the pollution and overdrafting of groundwater supplies, wetlands restoration, and issues such as water imports and exports.

Although water management is commonly viewed as a task for national or regional governments, it is increasingly practiced at the state, provincial, or local level. Companies and industries are also adopting water management best practices to help them thrive and become better resource stewards.

One of the biggest obstacles limiting effective water management is politics and bureaucracy. A prime example can be seen in the Western U.S., where increased demand and scarcity are making state and regional officials increasingly protective of their water rights.

Infrastructure Monitoring and Repairs

Another key in the water savings puzzle is the ongoing need worldwide for infrastructure monitoring and repair to prevent loss of water through delivery systems. These small amounts become increasingly larger over time. Monitoring aging infrastructure and creating new technologies - such as wireless smart valves and pipe defect and leak-detection sensing devices - are helping, but they must be used along with water policies such as routine reporting and repair plans.

How big is the problem? According to a 2013 report from the Center for Neighborhood Technology, in the U.S., an estimated 2.1 trillion gallons per year - about 16% of the water used in the nation daily - is lost through outdated and leaky infrastructure. In Europe, the estimated value of water lost through leaky infrastructure is roughly 80 billion euros per year, according to the Community Research and Development Information Service.

Contributing to the problem is inadequate funding for infrastructure repair or replacement. Even in the U.S., investments of more than $1 trillion are needed to repair and expand the nation's aging drinking water infrastructure, according to a 2013 American Water Works Association report. Estimates for repairing and upgrading wastewater treatment systems throughout the nation were similar.

The organization also noted that delaying investments on key infrastructure repairs dramatically increases the eventual costs. To address these issues in some areas, water utility privatization has been advocated. The World Bank, for example, estimated that public-private partnerships resulted in reducing water losses - from leaks, theft, and inaccurate measurement - by 15%.

Decentralized treatment can play an important role in reducing this type of water loss. By eliminating vulnerable infrastructure, it can lead to a reduction in so-called non-revenue water, which refers to water that's treated but lost through leaks or theft before reaching consumers.

Water Conservation

Water conservation is critical to stemming water scarcity. Although there are concerns about its effectiveness, it is needed to reduce demand. Typically, conservation efforts are publicized and encouraged in times of drought, but in reality, conservation is key to sustaining the supply-demand balance, especially in areas facing population growth.

Effective conservation efforts can be seen in areas such as Zaragoza, Spain, which instituted its Water Saving City project in 1997 with a goal of reducing domestic water use by 1 million m ³/y. The net effect has been a "water scarcity impact" of 1.176 m ³ of water per year, according Water 2030. This is a per-capita water use reduction of roughly 51 liters, or a change from 150 L/d in 1997 to 99 L/d in 2012, despite a 12% population increase.

Despite this and similar successes, conservation is frequently pummeled in the environmental media for being ineffective, especially in the absence of meaningful water management policy and low water prices. Kurt Schwabe, professor of environmental economics and policy at the University of California Riverside, was quoted in The Redlands Daily Facts as saying that critics say even the success of mandatory water restrictions is "a function of the good will of the public, also the probability of getting caught misbehaving."

The founder of the Environmentalist Foundation of India, Arun Krishnamurthy, observed in The Guardian:

Most conservation efforts start with a bang, and fizzle out over the months or years due to a lack of support. This could be a lack of money, of public awareness, or even the in-depth knowledge needed to proceed further.

Ultimately, addressing water scarcity requires the combined efforts of consumers, water managers, researchers, and public officials. Finding a suite of effective and affordable solutions is often the goal. Brian Richter, director of Global Freshwater Strategies for The Nature Conservancy, told Colorado Public Radio:

You have to balance use with availability and consider cost and effectiveness. [...] Water conservation or efficiency of use in industry and agriculture are the least expensive [options for addressing water scarcity] with the least impact on the environment.

What's Next?

The 2030 Water Resources Group concluded:

There is no single water crisis, nor a simple solution. Different countries and different water basins face unique problems, sometimes even within the same region. With finite limits to local water, the critical challenge becomes how we can manage those resources to safely deliver the water needed to fuel growth, as well as for meeting the needs of people and the environment.

For information about effective, custom water and wastewater treatment solutions designed to address your specific water scarcity issues, please contact Fluence to determine the water, wastewater, and water reuse solution that best meets your needs.

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Acute drought conditions and dwindling natural water resources are focusing more attention on what continues to be a worldwide problem: a lack of access to fresh, potable water. Water scarcity can be defined as a lack of sufficient water, or not having access to safe water supplies.

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Billions of people around the world are continuing to suffer from poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene, according to a new report by UNICEF and the World Health Organization. Some 2.2 billion people around the world do not have safely managed* drinking water services, 4.2 billion people do not have safely managed sanitation services, and 3 billion lack basic** handwashing facilities.

The Joint Monitoring Programme report, Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2000-2017: Special focus on inequalities finds that, while significant progress has been made toward achieving universal access to basic water, sanitation and hygiene, there are huge gaps in the quality of services provided.

"Mere access is not enough. If the water isn't clean, isn't safe to drink or is far away, and if toilet access is unsafe or limited, then we're not delivering for the world's children," said Kelly Ann Naylor, Associate Director of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, UNICEF. "Children and their families in poor and rural communities are most at risk of being left behind. Governments must invest in their communities if we are going to bridge these economic and geographic divides and deliver this essential human right."

The report reveals that 1.8 billion people have gained access to basic drinking water services since 2000, but there are vast inequalities in the accessibility, availability and quality of these services. It is estimated that 1 in 10 people (785 million) still lack basic services, including the 144 million who drink untreated surface water. The data shows that 8 in 10 people living in rural areas lacked access to these services and in one in four countries with estimates for different wealth groups, coverage of basic services among the richest was at least twice as high as among the poorest.

"Countries must double their efforts on sanitation or we will not reach universal access by 2030," said Dr Maria Neira, WHO Director, Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. "If countries fail to step up efforts on sanitation, safe water and hygiene, we will continue to live with diseases that should have been long ago consigned to the history books: diseases like diarrhoea, cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A and neglected tropical diseases including trachoma, intestinal worms and schistosomiasis. Investing in water, sanitation and hygiene is cost-effective and good for society in so many ways. It is an essential foundation for good health."

The report also says that 2.1 billion people have gained access to basic sanitation services since 2000 but in many parts of the world the wastes produced are not safely managed. It also reveals that 2 billion people still lack basic sanitation, among whom 7 out of 10 live in rural areas and one third live in the Least Developed Countries.

Since 2000, the proportion of the population practicing open defecation has been halved, from 21 per cent to 9 per cent, and 23 countries have achieved near elimination, meaning less than 1 per cent of the population is practicing open defecation. Yet, 673 million people still practice open defecation, and they are increasingly concentrated in 'high burden' countries***. Worse, in 39 countries, the number of people practicing open defecation actually increased, the majority of which are in sub-Saharan Africa where many countries have experienced strong population growth over this period.

Finally, the report highlights new data showing 3 billion people lack basic handwashing facilities with soap and water at home in 2017. It also shows that nearly three quarters of the population of the Least Developed Countries did not have basic handwashing facilities. Every year, 297 000 children under 5 years die due to diarrhea linked to inadequate WASH. Poor sanitation and contaminated water are also linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera, dysentery, hepatitis A, and typhoid.

"Closing inequality gaps in the accessibility, quality and availability of water, sanitation and hygiene should be at the heart of government funding and planning strategies. To relent on investment plans for universal coverage is to undermine decades worth of progress at the expense of coming generations," said Kelly Ann Naylor.

Note to editors

*Safely managed drinking water and sanitation services: Drinking water from sources located on premises, free from contamination and available when needed, and using hygienic toilets from which wastes are treated and disposed of safely.

**Basic services: Having a protected drinking water source that takes less than thirty minutes to collect water from, using an improved toilet or latrine that does not have to be shared with other households, and having handwashing facilities with soap and water in the home.

***High burden countries: More than 5 per cent of the population practiced open defecation in 2017 include: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chad, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan Philippines, Sudan, South Sudan, Togo, United Republic of Tanzania, Yemen.

About the JMP

The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene is the official United Nations mechanism tasked with monitoring country, regional and global progress, and especially toward the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets relating to universal and equitable access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene. The JMP is an authoritative source of internationally comparable estimates which reference to make policy decisions and resource allocations, especially at the international level.

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1 in 3 people globally do not have access to safe drinking water - UNICEF, WHO

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Billions of people around the world are continuing to suffer from poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene, according to a new report by UNICEF and the World Health Organization.

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Liputan6.com, Jakarta - - Air adalah hal vital yang dibutuhkan oleh umat di seluruh dunia. Apakah itu untuk minum, memasak, mandi hingga mencuci.

Tanpa air, maka manusia akan sulit bertahan hidup. Indonesia sendiri adalah salah satu negara yang juga mengalami masalah air bersih (di sejumlah daerah).

Namun, ada sejumlah negara di dunia yang sudah dalam kondisi 'lampu merah' dalam urusan ini. Bahkan, krisis air bersih di sini bisa membuat masyarakat kehilangan nyawa.

Seperti dikutip dari laman Seametrics.com, Jumat (16/11/2018), berikut 5 negara yang mengalami krisis air bersih terparah di dunia:
Saksikan video pilihan di bawah ini:

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5 Negara dengan Tingkat Krisis Air Bersih Terparah di Dunia

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Liputan6.com, Jakarta - - Air adalah hal vital yang dibutuhkan oleh umat di seluruh dunia. Apakah itu untuk minum, memasak, mandi hingga mencuci. Tanpa air, maka manusia akan sulit bertahan hidup. Indonesia sendiri adalah salah satu negara yang juga mengalami masalah air bersih (di sejumlah daerah).

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How technology helps people to get clean water?(Connection)

Why the amount of clean water is not enough for all people? (Causation)

How do the people sanitize the dirty water to be a clean water?(Change)

What kind of innovative technology that we can use to produce clean water?(Form)

How to make clean water equal?

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some areas in Indonesia experience water crises: such as:
1. Sumbawa, NTB
There are 42 vilages in sumbawa that have water crisis. it impacts to the amount of diarrhoea cases. in 2019, there are 11439 cases in all ages and 4331 in childern below 5th

2. sikka, ntt 13 districts experience water crisis. the problem are the location from there districs to the city is far away so it difficult to distribute clean water. The situation makes the people snatch over water. The dry season also contribute to these condition of water crisis.

3.Pati, central java
During dry season, some springs dried up and the villages had a water crisis. The government helped by sending water tanks to the villagers. In 2019, there were about 159 villages impacted and lacked of clean water.

Berita krisis air bersih Hari Ini - Kabar Terbaru Terkini | Liputan6.com

Krisis air di Indonesia: Jawa 'kehabisan air' tahun 2040: Ratusan juta orang terancam bencana yang 'tak pernah terbayangkan' - BBC News Indonesia (ada informasi dan beberapa ilustrasi gambar yang dapat dipakai Nak)

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Caring: Help people that needs clean water.
Inquirers: I got some research that clean water scarcity (Langka)
Thinkers:I think dirty water is usefull if we recycled it
Open-minded; i hear others people idea
Knowledgeable:I watch some vids about people struggling to get clean water
Principled: I will try to save water
Balanced: i use clean water only when i needed
Communicators: I ask to my parents about clean water
Risk-takers: i encourage myself to make a game for my pypx exhebition
Reflective: I need to be a good role model in saving water, so I can share to others about it too.

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1 Appreciation: i feel greatfull that i still have clean water
2. Enthusiasm:
i excited to do research about clean water and sanitation
3. Cooperation i cooperate with my parents and teahcer/mentors to finsh my PYPX exhebition

4. Creativity I think of a creative way to make my presentation interesting

5. Confidence that i will be able to present my work confidently

6. Commitment on finishing all of my pypx work on time

7. Curiosity im curious that why dont we recycled sea water and dirty water so we can use it

8. Integrity i am honest that my PYPX work comes from my understanding

9. Empathy i show empathy to the people that dont access clean water

10. Tolerance i will use water wisely

11. Independence i do my PYPX solo

12. Respect i show respect to nature by saving water

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World condition from the lack of clean water

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World condition from the lack of clean water

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Mozambique: 52.7% lack basic water services. ...

Niger: 54.2% lack basic water services. ...

Chad: 57.5% lack basic water services. ...

Democratic Republic of the Congo: 58.2% lack basic water services. ...

Angola: 59% lack basic water services. ...

Somalia: 60% lack basic water services. ...

Ethiopia: 60.9% lack basic water services.

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SOURCE:
Documentary film Brave Blue World: Racing to Solve Our Water Crisis

INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FROM SEVERAL COUNTRIES:

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They discovered a protein called aquaporin from human body and adapted it into a membrane technology to purify water.

1 gram of aquaporin proteins can filtrate 700 liters of water each second.

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Pure water extraction driven by the Aquaporin Inside™ technology

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In the example shown here the Aquaporin Inside™ membrane is used in combination with a liquid fertilizer draw solution, the clear solution on the right, to extract cleanwater --and only clean water - from a lower-grade water supply, the dirty solution on the left.

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They use technology to extract freshwater from the oceans (desalination: the process of removing salt from sea water)

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In order to provide access to clean water, we need to protect and restore water-related ecosystems,from upstream to down stream:

Water related ecosystems include river and lakes.

Based on reaserch fresh water ecosystem have become the most degraded in the world. Fish population are decreasing. Freshwater vertebrate populations have declined by 86 percent since 1970.(twice the rate experienced within terrestrial or marine ecosystems)

Nowadays, several activity that damaged these ecosystems, such as:
1.Humans build houses near rivers and lakes
2.water polution because of human waste or factory waste
3.Water ecosystem destroyed because people make that place for a tourist destination and they dont take care fo the place so the place can be so dirty.

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Hydraloop is a company that is comited to recycle water.  With hydraloop people can lower water consumtion by 45% and waste water emission by 45% .Hydraloop uses 6 steps of treatmen namely sedimentation, floatation, dissolved air floatation, foam fractionation, an aerobic bioreactor, and disinfection of the cleaned water with powerful UV light. This technology removes dirt, soap and other polution from the used water

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A kayaker on the Colorado River, Utah.

Photograph by Ben Horton, Nat Geo Image Collection

We rely on fresh water for drinking, food, and sanitation, and they're in trouble. But freshwater issues are becoming a higher priority for conservationists.

When Grand Canyon National Park was established a century ago, the Colorado River running through it was treated as an afterthought. In the decades following, states scrambled to squeeze every drop of water out of the Colorado for farming and drinking, with a cascade of huge dams constructed along its course.

Native fish like suckers and chubs, found nowhere else in the world, were replaced with invasive catfish and bass that were more attractive for anglers. In time, the mighty river that had once carved out one of America's most iconic landscapes was reduced to a trickle, no longer able to fulfill its destiny of reaching the sea.

What happened to the Colorado is a powerful example of a river's decline, but it's hardly an exception. Around the world, rivers, lakes, and wetlands have increasingly come under similar assault from poorly planned dams, pollution, habitat loss, sand mining, climate change, and the introduction of invasive species.

What you can do

-- Get on board

-- Don't litter

-- Demonstrate

-- Stomp your feet

The result, as laid out this week in a report by 16 conservation organizations, is that freshwater ecosystems have become the most degraded in the world, with fish populations pushed to the brink. There are more kinds of freshwater fish- 18,075 and counting -than there are fish species living in the oceans and seas. Freshwater vertebrate populations have declined by 86 percent since 1970-twice the rate experienced within terrestrial or marine ecosystems-and almost a third of freshwater fish species are now threatened with extinction.

Yet it's a crisis that has received far less attention than other environmental emergencies-like deforestation or plastic pollution-despite human reliance on freshwater systems for drinking water, food, and sanitation. As for river protection, it has long been seen as part of terrestrial protection; protect the land and you'll protect the river that runs through it, the thinking has been, even though overwhelming evidence suggests that such an approach generally does not work.

But now there are signs of change, with freshwater issues becoming more prominently featured on the conservation agenda. While a steady release of studies continue to expose the sorry state of affairs, the ecological and economic benefits of maintaining healthy rivers are increasingly clear, scientists say, as are the solutions for how to do it. They warn, however, that things need to move fast if we are going to save ecosystems crucial to the survival of both animals and humans.

"Humanity is intimately tied to the health of freshwater ecosystems," says Kathy Hughes, a freshwater specialist with the World Wildlife Fund in the United Kingdom, and the lead author of the new report. "Freshwater biodiversity is our canary in the mine and if freshwater ecosystems can no longer support thriving biodiversity, then it's a sure sign that they're not good for humanity either."

Year of the river

Historically, protected areas have been designed for terrestrial ecosystems and their species, with little, if any, consideration given to the freshwater habitats in them. This is in part because of the complexity of rivers, which can flow into and out of protected or managed areas, through different landscapes and sometimes even countries.

"It's a lot easier to draw a line around a piece of land or in the ocean than it is to do it for a river," says John Zablocki, a biodiversity expert with the Nature Conservancy who spearheads an international network of freshwater scientists devising new ways of thinking about river protection.

He points out that rivers that run through protected land areas are often not protected from upstream impacts, something that was starkly illustrated in a study published in Conservation Letters last year. It showed that there are 1,249 large dams located inside protected areas, and more than 500 dams planned or under construction within protected areas worldwide.

"We have to get away from thinking about land first and rivers second," says Zablocki, whose organization is working with multiple municipalities in the Western Balkan nation of Montenegro, where the government recently designated the lower reaches of the highly biodiverse Zeta River as a nature park.

Another movement is focused on providing legal protection for rivers. In 2017, New Zealand became the first country to grant a specific river legal rights the same as those of humans, meaning that in a court of law, they're treated like living entities. Since then, Bangladesh has done the same with all of its rivers, while the city of Toledo, Ohio, passed what's known as the Lake Erie Bill of Rights to protect its shores, making it one of several cities in the United States to pass legislation recognizing the rights of nature.

"We're going to need a multi-tiered approach to keep rivers healthy and free-flowing," says Michele Thieme, the lead freshwater scientist at the World Wildlife Fund in the United States. "There's not going to be one silver bullet."

With freshwater scientists hoping that 2021 could be the year of the river, some influential conservationists who have previously not focused on freshwater issues may be taking a keener interest, including the Campaign for Nature, the $1 billion initiative funded by Switzerland's Wyss Foundation and supported by the National Geographic Society, which aims to conserve 30 percent of the planet in a natural state by 2030.

The campaign specifically targets lands and oceans, without mentioning rivers. But that could soon be changing, according to its director, Brian O'Donnell. "All the reports describing the freshwater biodiversity crisis have provided a wake-up call for us and made it clear that explicit representation of freshwater areas needs to be part of the equation going forward," O'Donnell says.

Devastating loss

While fresh water makes up less than one percent of Earth's flowing water, it is home to 10 percent of all known species, including a third of all vertebrates.

Among the more unusual freshwater varieties are Africa's elephant fishes, which communicate through electrical signals, and the Amazon's spraying characins, which lay their eggs on land. Freshwater systems are also home to around 270 species of turtles, more than 1,300 species of crabs, and around 5,700 species of dragonflies.

A bigtooth stingray at Shark Reef Aquarium. These stingrays live in the muddy bottoms of Brazilian rivers.

Photograph by Joel Sartore, National Geographic Photo Ark

A critically endangered giant pangasius catfish.

Photograph by Joel Sartore, National Geographic Photo Ark

Conservationists say at least 80 freshwater fish species have gone extinct since counts were first taken, and 16 in the last year alone. The real number of extinctions, however, is certain to be much higher, since threats to fish are growing and many species are poorly monitored.

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Perhaps most shocking is the loss of "mega-fishes"-so called because of their enormous size-whose populations have declined by 94 percent since 1970, including many species of now-critically endangered sturgeon.

Also cited in the report are recent studies showing that only one-third of large rivers in the world remain free-flowing-meaning they have not been dammed or disrupted by humans-and that wetlands have declined globally by nearly 70 percent since 1900, three times the rate of forests.

"This almost inconceivable loss has occurred largely within our lifetime," Hughes says.

A study published in Science last week showed that rivers in which fish populations have escaped serious damage from human activities now make up just 14 percent of the world's river basins, with western Europe and North America worst off.

The lead author of that study, Guohuan Su of the University of Toulouse in France, notes that almost all of us live in river basins, since all of Earth's land mass- excluding some deserts where it never rains and the poles-are part of river basins. "You could say we live in the arms of the rivers, and we're cutting them off," he says.

Many conservationists maintain that political and economic motives routinely trump biodiversity concerns when it comes to decision-making about rivers. "Very rarely is the full value of ecosystems factored into the planning for dams, for example," says Ian Harrison, a freshwater specialist with Conservation International, and a contributor to the report released this week.

Increasingly, research shows that taking into account fisheries and the ecological health of rivers is good business, says Denielle Perry, a water resource geographer at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff. "Protecting rivers is a low-cost investment with a high return, especially when you consider the ecosystem services they provide for free."

Monster fish

One reason freshwater fisheries receive less attention than their marine counterparts may be because they are concentrated in low-income countries that may not be considered important because they don't export much fish. Just 16 nations, mostly in Asia and Africa, account for 80 percent of the world's reported wild freshwater catch of 12 million tons per year, though that total is likely to be vastly underestimated, since many catches by subsistence fishers in countries from Congo to Cambodia are not documented.

For at least 200 million people around the world, freshwater fish provide their primary source of animal protein, according to the new report.

These fish may also be hampered by an image problem. While big, charismatic animals on land and in the oceans have attracted conservation resources, few freshwater fish have garnered the same attention.

"We can see and appreciate the way a gorilla cares for its young or marine turtles come up on the beach to lay their eggs, but we don't have that connection with freshwater fish, which often live in murky rivers out of sight," says Zeb Hogan, a fish biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno, and a National Geographic Explorer.

Hogan, who leads a USAID-sponsored research project called Wonders of the Mekong, has worked in Southeast Asia's Mekong region for more than 20 years. He has witnessed the near disappearance of some of the world's largest freshwater fishes, including the Mekong giant catfish and giant barb, along with the continuous deterioration of the river, which originates on the Tibetan Plateau and runs through six countries before emptying into the South China Sea.

In the last couple of years, the decline appears to have accelerated, with Mekong water levels dropping to historic lows, threatening fish and the livelihoods of many of the 60 million people living along the river. The situation, observers say, has been caused in large part by Chinese dams built in the upper watershed, which sometimes withhold the water critical for fish to complete their lifecycles downstream, as well as drought exacerbated by climate change.

Those developments have forced at least some decision-makers into rethinking their development plans. Cambodia, for example, late last year announced a 10-year moratorium on the building of new dams on the main part of the Mekong.

Freshwater scientists say the UN Convention on Biological Diversity conference, scheduled for this fall in Kunming, China, must produce a new global biodiversity agreement that pays as much attention to protecting and restoring the world's rivers, lakes, and wetlands as its forests and oceans.

"Now is the decision point," says Harrison, of Conservation International. "If we don't make the right investments for our freshwater ecosystems, it's going to be too late. The ship will have sailed, and we won't be able to turn around."
Editor's note: The second fish photo is of a giant pangasius catfish.

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Rivers and lakes are the most degraded ecosystems in the world. Can we save them?

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We rely on fresh water for drinking, food, and sanitation, and they're in trouble. But freshwater issues are becoming a higher priority for conservationists.

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Some strategies we can do to protect and restore fresh water ecosystem:
1.We can clean our river from the trash
2.we plant more trees along the upstream area and springs
3.reduce the chemical waste from the factory
4.we can't put our trash on our river because that will make our river dirty
Mengatasi Krisis Air Bersih di Indonesia dengan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air – Ecoponik (bagian pelestarian sumber daya air)

Freshwaters (decadeonrestoration.org)

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Thinking skills: I think about the ideas to make my game and Padlet interesting

Research skills

Communication skills: I ask my teachers and parents about this topic, so I can find fact about this project

Social skills

Self-management skills

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Pertumbuhan penduduk yang terus meningkat menyebabkan penggunaan air semakin tinggi. Kebutuhan terhadap kuantitas juga kualitas air pun turut meningkat. Air yang tercemar menimbulkan berbagai macam penyakit, tak menutup kemungkinan menjadi penyebab kematian. Tiap tahunnya sebanyak 1,7 juta anak tewas akibat diare yang disebabkan karena lingkungan yang tidak sehat, terutama karena air yang tercemar. tirto.id -

Penyediaan air bersih di Indonesia dijamin dalam Pasal 33 UUD 1945 ayat (3) yang berbunyi "Bumi dan air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat". Lebih lanjut lagi, kebijakan tersebut dipertegas dalam UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah bahwa pemenuhan air bersih bagi masyarakat merupakan salah satu tanggung jawab pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah sebagai bagian dari pelayanan publik yang harus mereka lakukan.

(Susenas) oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mencatat adanya peningkatan rumah tangga yang memiliki akses terhadap sumber air minum layak di Indonesia. Pada 2012 hanya 65,05 persen rumah tangga memiliki akses terhadap sumber air minum layak. Pada 2014, sebanyak 68,11 persen rumah tangga punya akses tersebut. Angka ini naik lagi di 2017 menjadi 72,04 persen. Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional

Namun, tidak ada provinsi yang memiliki akses terhadap sumber air minum layak hingga 100 persen. Provinsi dengan rumah tangga yang memiliki akses tertinggi pada 2017 adalah Bali, itu pun baru mencapai sekitar 90,85 persen. Provinsi kedua dengan akses tertinggi adalah DKI Jakarta sebesar 88,93 persen pada periode yang sama. Kalimantan Utara, yang tercatat sebagai provinsi baru, juga punya akses tinggi dan menempati posisi keempat dengan akses sebesar 83,78 persen.

Pada periode sebelumnya, DKI Jakarta sempat menempati peringkat pertama sebagai provinsi dengan akses tertinggi terhadap sumber air minum layak, yaitu sebesar 92,44 persen. Namun, pada 2017 proporsi rumah tangga yang memiliki akses menurun menjadi 88,93 persen.

Penurunan ini, salah satunya disebabkan memburuknya mutu air sungai Ciliwung sejak 2014 hingga 2016 berstatus cemar berat. Sementara Bengkulu menempati peringkat terbawah dengan 43,83 persen rumah tangga yang memiliki akses terhadap sumber air minum layak pada 2017.

Selain itu, rendahnya akses juga terjadi di Lampung, tercatat hanya 53,79 persen rumah tangga dengan air layak minum. Sementara di Papua, pada periode yang sama, aksesnya sebesar 59,09 persen, meningkat dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya, yaitu 52,69 persen.

Dalam Seri Analisis Pembangunan Wilayah Provinsi Bengkulu 2015, disebutkan rendahnya akses terhadap air bersih dikarenakan permasalahan dalam penyelenggaraan air minum dan sanitasi. Selain itu, kesadaran masyarakat untuk mengadakan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat juga masih rendah.

Berdasarkan data Susenas, mayoritas sumber air minum masyarakat secara nasional diperoleh dari air dalam kemasan, sumur terlindung, dan air tanah dengan memakai pompa. Hingga 2011, rumah tangga Indonesia lebih mengandalkan sumur terlindung -air yang berasal dari dalam tanah bila lingkar sumur tersebut dilindungi oleh tembok paling sedikit 0,8 meter di atas tanah dan 3 meter ke bawah tanah- sebagai sumber air minum (25,42 persen). Namun, angka ini mulai turun di 2013 menjadi 22,58 persen.

Pada 2016, bahkan hanya 21 persen rumah tangga yang menggunakan sumber air minum ini. Salah satu indikasi penurunan ini adalah semakin tercemarnya sumur terlindung. Misalnya, di kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur yang 60 persen air sumurnya tercemar limbah B3.

Air yang tercemar tersebut diyakini sebagai penyebab penyakit dermatitis yang diderita 432 warga desa Lakardowo selama November 2016 hingga Januari 2017. Kasus lainnya, ditemukan bakteri E.coli pada sumber air minum di Yogya -salah satunya adalah sumur terlindung.

Tak heran bila tren sumber air minum rumah tangga Indonesia pun bergeser ke air dalam kemasan. Pada 2000 hanya 0,86 persen rumah tangga yang menggunakan air dalam kemasan sebagai sumber air minum. Proporsi ini meningkat tajam di 2012, melampaui sumur terlindung, yaitu sebesar 38,85 persen.

Meningkatnya tren ini ditaksir karena semakin terbatasnya lahan terbuka hijau, khususnya di daerah perkotaan. Sehingga air bersih layak konsumsi pun makin sulit diperoleh. Selain itu, kualitas air tanah ataupun sungai kurang memenuhi syarat sebagai air minum yang sehat, bahkan tidak layak minum di beberapa daerah. Seperti Sungai Ciliwung di Jakarta misalnya, yang berstatus cemar berat sejak 2014.

Data Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Lingkungan menyatakan ada 52 sungai di Indonesia berstatus cemar berat. Sebanyak 20 sungai berstatus cemar sedang hingga cemar berat. Selain itu ada 7 sungai yang mengalami pencemaran ringan hingga cemar berat. Sisanya ada 21 sungai yang berstatus memenuhi baku mutu hingga tercemar ringan. Perolehan tersebut mencakup 100 aliran sungai pada 33 provinsi sepanjang 2013 hingga 2015.

Pada 2014, status kualitas air sungai Indonesia mulai memburuk. Mutu sungai pada 2010 hingga 2013 rata-rata berstatus memenuhi hingga cemar ringan-cemar berat. Pada 2011, sebanyak 56,25 persen sungai berstatus memenuhi hingga cemar ringan. Di 2012 mayoritas sungai berstatus cemar ringan hingga cemar sedang (40 persen).

Namun, pada 2014 mutu sungai Indonesia mulai menurun, mayoritas sungai berstatus cemar berat. Pada 2014 misalnya, sebanyak 29,03 persen berstatus cemar sedang hingga cemar berat dan 58,06 persen sungai tercemar berat. Angka ini sempat turun pada 2015 menjadi 24,24 persen sungai berstatus cemar sedang-cemar berat dan 42,42 persen sungai berstatus cemar berat. Sayangnya, di 2016 jumlah sungai berstatus cemar berat kembali naik menjadi 55,88 persen dan sebanyak 23,5 persen berstatus cemar sedang hingga cemar berat.

Sejak 2013, sudah tidak ada lagi sungai berstatus memenuhi. Jumlah sungai dengan status memenuhi hingga cemar ringan juga nol per 2014. Sementara, sungai berstatus memenuhi-cemar sedang per 2015 berjumlah nol. Begitu pula dengan sungai berstatus memenuhi-cemar berat yang jumlah semakin sedikit.

Artinya, sungai yang memenuhi baku mutu atau dalam kondisi baik semakin sulit ditemui. Tak heran bila rumah tangga semakin mengandalkan air kemasan sebagai sumber air minum yang layak, seiring memburuknya kualitas sungai-sungai di Indonesia. Permasalahan mengenai air ini perlu penanganan serius, jika Indonesia tak mau mengalami krisis air di 2025.

Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, Kepala Pusat Data, Informasi, dan Hubungan Masyarakat BNPB, mengatakan pada 2025 mendatang jumlah kabupaten defisit air akan meningkat hingga sekitar 7,84 persen. Dari wilayah yang mengalami defisit tersebut, terdapat 38 kabupaten/kota atau sekitar 35 persen telah mengalami defisit tinggi. Tak hanya itu, krisis air juga bisa berujung pada konflik.

Hampir semua aktivitas manusia membutuhkan air, kebutuhannya adalah sebuah kemutlakan. Air juga hak hidup setiap orang yang dilindungi undang-undang yang harus dipenuhi. Di samping itu, memburuknya mutu air, akan memperbesar biaya yang harus dikeluarkan dalam memperoleh sumber air bersih dan layak untuk dikonsumsi. Tak hanya pemerintah, masyarakat juga harus menjaga kebersihan sumber air agar tidak tercemar.

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Bagaimana Mutu dan Akses Air Bersih di Indonesia? - Tirto.ID

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Pertumbuhan penduduk yang terus meningkat menyebabkan penggunaan air semakin tinggi. Kebutuhan terhadap kuantitas juga kualitas air pun turut meningkat. Air yang tercemar menimbulkan berbagai macam penyakit, tak menutup kemungkinan menjadi penyebab kematian. Tiap tahunnya sebanyak 1,7 juta anak tewas akibat diare yang disebabkan karena lingkungan yang tidak sehat, terutama karena air yang tercemar.

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To help people gain more access to clean water, Indonesian governments wanted to build 7 dams in Nusa Tenggara Timur.

Bangun Tujuh Bendungan di NTT, Apakah Bisa Menjawab Krisis Air? : Mongabay.co.id

The dams can be used to irigate lands, farm and eletricity generator

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INI ADA USULAN TEKNOLOGI DARI LIPI NAK, UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI EKOSISTEM AIR YANG TERCEMAR (SILAKAN DIPARAFRASA DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS YA)

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INI ADA USULAN TEKNOLOGI DARI LIPI NAK, UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI EKOSISTEM AIR YANG TERCEMAR (SILAKAN DIPARAFRASA DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS YA)

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Adapun, teknologi yang bisa dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan sumber air yang ada, menurut Kepala Balai Pengembangan Instrumental LIPI Anto Tri Sugiarto, diantaranya adalah pemanfaatan teknologi nano bubble untuk pengolahan air limbah dan peningkatan kualitas air. Teknologi tersebut, adalah dengan memasukkan gelembung oksigen berukuran nano ke dalam sumber air yang akan diolah.

“Dengan oksigen lebih banyak di dalam air, maka kualitas ekosistem juga akan meningkat. Tanah juga menjadi lebih baik lagi kualitasnya. Teknologi ini bisa dipakai di waduk, danau, sungai, dan air limbah, juga di Teluk Jakarta yang sudah mengalami kerusakan parah,” jelasnya.

Peneliti dari Pusat Penelitian Limnologi LIPI Cynthia Henny menambahkan, dalam mengelola sumber air dari waduk, sungai, dan danau, perlu dilakukan cara khusus untuk menghasilkan kualitas air yang layak pakai dan minum. Cara tersebut, adalah dengan mempelajari topografi sungai, waduk, dan danau yang ada.

Setelah itu, kata Cynthia, sumber air tersebut bisa diberikan perawatan terlebih dahulu melalui teknologi wetland yang bisa ditempatkan di pinggir danau/waduk/sungai atau ditempatkan dengan cara terapung. Fungsi dari wetland, adalah untuk menyaring sampah dan berbagai kotoran yang ada di sungai, dan membiarkan bakteri bekerja untuk membersihkan kotoran di bawah air.

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1.This technology can be used to clean, dirty water and improve the quality of water. They put a oxygen bubble in nano size into the dirty water. It can be use to clean dams, lake and rivers that are contaminated
2.wetland technology is a filter that we can put in the riverside to purrifie dirty water from trash and dirt and let that bacteria to clean the dirty water

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Amazingly Simple Graphic Design Software - Canva

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Amazingly Simple Graphic Design Software - Canva

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Made water filtration simulation with Scratch

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Made water filtration simulation with Scratch

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Visit the link below and share your comments. Thank you!

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Visit the link below and share your comments. Thank you!