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1) The Sublime
2) Obscurity
3) The Uncanny
4) Horror/Terror
5) Abjection
6) Degeneration & Fin de siècle
7) Monsters/The 'Other'/Doppelganger

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Almost all Gothic invites a humorous response. This may be part of an ironic fashion statement; it may be an attempt to cloak transgressive content in humour and irony; but it also reflects that a formidable human preservative against horror is (dark) laughter. It is always worth exploring the ‘camp’ quality of Gothic if you are sure of your ground.

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Gothic often makes use of the supernatural. If there is no doubt about the ghosts (Count Dracula is certainly a vampire), the reader is invited to suspend his or her disbelief and read the story as a kind of literalised metaphor; if the supernatural content remains in doubt, so does the possibility of direct psychological explanation.

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The most significant feature of a Gothic passage is usually setting. This may involve conventional materials, e.g. ecclesiastical ruins, or pointed windows, but it may also feature swishing trees and windy spaces. The key point is that an internal state of mind becomes externalised on the fabric of a building or landscape, with effects of mental absorption or distortion very like those of expressionist theatre or cinema. The important thing is not to list the architectural features but to discuss their emotional impact.

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Gothic writing majors in suspense. Description is often expansive, dialogue hesitant and nervous, narrative voice can shift; there may even be cross-cutting from one scene to another to delay revelation. The effect is to build inner tension and to strengthen emotional response.

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From early days writers of Gothic made use of multiple narrators, unusual viewpoints and/or narrative voices. This is often to convey a confined, obsessive experience (the narrator imparting his or her own fear) but it may also communicate a strong sense of verisimilitude.

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Gothic literature originated as a way of writing about the past, most often the Middle Ages (formerly known as Gothic ages) with their legacy of Catholic superstition and folk belief. That past is made simultaneously fascinating and threatening. It follows that a familiar Gothic approach is to show how the past of an old house or a community or even a nation can resonate in the imagination of present-day inhabitants.