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a category of artistic composition characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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35 mm film is a film gauge used in film making, and the film standard. In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge.

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TLR stands for Twin Lens Reflex. The camera uses two lenses of equal focal length, one for viewing and focusing and the other for taking the photograph; reflex refers to the mirror used behind the viewing lens that redirects the image-forming light onto a focusing screen.

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a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography. The photo appears by being soaked in different chemicals for specific periods of time in a dark room or area

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A curator is a manager or overseer of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others work.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, fat. or limited to height and width

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the property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way the object reflects or emits light.

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In the visual arts, texture is the perceived surface quality of a work of art. It is an element of two-dimensional and three-dimensional designs and is distinguished by its perceived visual and physical properties. Use of texture, along with other elements of design, can convey a variety of messages and emotions.

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Value defines how light or dark a given color or hue can be. Values are best understood when visualized as a scale or gradient, from dark to light. The more tonal variants in an image, the lower the contrast.

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Objects that are 3-Dimensional, or have length, width, and height.

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S a feeling of depth or three dimensions. It can also refer to the artist's use of the area within the picture plane. The area around the primary objects in a work of art is known as negative space, while the space occupied by the primary objects is known as positive space.

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the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable.

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the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.

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the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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he quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

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The gradient of H at a point is a plane vector pointing in the direction of the steepest slope or grade at that point.

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any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space. ex: blues, purples.greens

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These colors are called warm colors since they evoke warm feelings in people. Ex: reds. oranges, and yellows

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neutral means without color. Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray, and shades of white appear to be without color, but in many applications these hues often have undertones.

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Red and green; yellow and purple; orange and blue; green and magenta. Complementary color combos tend to be bold

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all the colors of a single hue. Monochromatic color schemes are derived from a single base hue and extended using its shades, tones and tints.

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providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Objective: not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

Subjective: based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

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Copyright protects original work, whereas a trademark protects items that distinguish or identify a particular business from another.

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a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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Golden ratio, also known as the golden section, golden mean, or divine proportion, in mathematics, the irrational number (1 + Square root of√5)/2, often denoted by the Greek letter ϕ or τ, which is approximately equal to 1.618.

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Negative space, in art, is the space around and between the subject of an image

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Positive space refers to the subject or areas of interest in an artwork, such as a person's face or figure in a portrait, the objects in a still life painting, or the trees in a landscape painting.

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compose your pictures so that the primary light source is behind your subject. This can add a unique atmosphere to your photos while emphasising the subject.

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The even light is flattering for subjects because it eliminates shadows, softens the face, and allows the subject to relax without squinting.

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any form of light that you didn't add to your photo. This can include both natural and artificial lighting.

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chiaroscuro lighting technique can be defined simply as high contrast lighting. You use the extremes of dark and light to create an arresting image.

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an outline that appears dark against a light background. More specifically, it is where your subject is seen as a black shape without detail against a brighter background.

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two images combined into a single frame or presented together

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type of three-fold art that is typically hinged together as carved panels side by side. ... Triptych photography might involve taking one picture and splitting it into three different parts or shooting three separate photos that are related.

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two-dimensional views of three-dimensional objects. Orthographic views are created by projecting a view of an object onto a plane which is usually positioned so that it is parallel to one of the planes of the object.

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a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel).

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a form of optical distortion in which straight lines along the edge of a screen or a lens bulge toward the center.

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a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo. As you increase your ISO number, your photos will grow progressively brighter

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an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. I

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a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

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the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons

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random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the image sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera.

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a hole or an opening through which light travels

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the term used to denote aperture measurements on your camera. The aperture controls the amount of light that enters the camera lens, and it's measured in f-stops.

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focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity. Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification.

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he distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp. ... In a photograph with a narrow DoF, only a small slice of the image is in focus.

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the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. Bokeh has also been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot.

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you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls.

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abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed

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Shutter priority, also called time value, refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed.

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the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.

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a shutter speed option that you can select in Manual mode on your camera. It allows your shutter speed to be any length you choose: one second, one minute, 17 minutes, or anything else.

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the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect.

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a tripod is a portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a camera,

A monopod, also called a unipod, is a single staff or pole used to help support cameras, binoculars, rifles or other precision instruments in the field.

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Camera shake occurs when your shutter speed is slow enough that it will not freeze your natural body shaking (breathing, muscular tension, etc.).

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photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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the technique of recording a very slow process, such as the withering of a flower, by taking a large number of photographs on a strip of film at regular intervals. The film is then projected at normal speed.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph

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swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position. This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right.

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Burst mode is a camera function that allows you to capture a series of photographs in quick succession. With burst mode activated, you can hold down the shutter button, and your camera will rattle off a set of photos.

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18% grey or middle grey is a measurement of the amount of light objects reflect. Your camera meter reads objects that reflect exactly 18% light as correctly exposed. Your camera meter measures exposure by first turning colors into tones of grey.

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the camera will measure only a very small area of the scene (1–5% of the viewfinder area). ... Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject. When the background is brighter than the subject due to reasons like back lighting, this metering mode is particularly useful.

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measures the whole scene but places extra emphasis on the light values in the middle. Center-weighted averaging is a bit of a throwback.

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is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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a number that represents a combination of a camera's shutter speed and f-number, such that all combinations that yield the same exposure have the same EV (for any fixed scene luminance).

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a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings. ... The most common type of bracketing is exposure bracketing, where the same shot is captured with at least three different exposures.Nov 8, 2020

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a useful function that adjusts a camera's settings to deal with unusually bright or dark scene

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helps you adjust the white balance and exposure settings of images by providing a reference point. The reference point prompts your camera to compensate for any white light on an image.

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all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones. Most of the time our camera meter will attempt to expose for this average brightness when in 'Automatic Mode.

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the lightest elements in an image,

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the result of the relationship between the subject's location and the direction of the light source. With front light, the shadow falls behind the subject.

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a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow

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a chemical process used in photography which changes the appearance of black-and-white prints to brown. The color is now often associated with antique photographs. Most photo graphics software programs and many digital cameras include a sepia tone filter to mimic the appearance of sepia-toned prints.

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r displays a visual representation of your workspacesr displays a visual representation of your workspaces

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where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with. There are tools for making selections, for cropping and retouching images, for adding shapes and type, and many more

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groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image.

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used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more. The menu bar consists of 11 items: File, Edit, Image, Layer, Select, Filter, Analysis, 3D, View, Window, and Help.

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Tool Options Bar													15	Value	51	Chiaroscuro							

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Tool Options Bar													15	Value	51	Chiaroscuro							

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the horizontal bar that runs underneath the Menu Bar in Photoshop. You can turn it on and off through the Windows menu, so if you don't see it on your screen, you definitely want to turn it on with Window > Options. The job of the Options Bar is to set the options of the tool you are about to use.

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the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image. The process usually consists of the removal of some of the peripheral areas of an image

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The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height, and is expressed with two numbers separated by a colon, such as 16:9, sixteen-to-nine. For the x:y aspect ratio, the image is x units wide and y units high.