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Ch. 12: Social Psychology Example 1: Conformity

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Ch. 12: Social Psychology Example 1: Conformity

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This source related to one of the topics that we discussed in Chapter 12 which was all about social psychology. I found this image on google after looking for some good examples of topics from Chapter 12. This image illustrates the concept of conformity very well. The image is split down the center into two different sides. On the left side you can see that there are three people sitting down on the steps and then there is a girl just walking past them. On the left side of the image the three people that are hanging out together on the stairs are all wearing a horizontally striped shirt, some solid colored pants, and some type of flat shoes. On the left side of the image the girl that is walking past the three people on the steps is wearing a polka dotted shirt, polka dotted pants, a solid colored skirt, and some boots. Clearly the girl who was walking past them on the left side of the image was dressed nothing like them and she clearly realized that because, if you look closely at her face in the image she looks quite upset and assumably the reason is because she wants to be like the three people on the steps. She is obviously different from them, at least according to her clothing so she decided to change that. The girl who was walking past the three people on the left side of the image is now going up to the three people on the right side of the image. The girl who was wearing different clothing than them before is now wearing the same kind of clothing that they are. She is wearing a horizontally striped shirt, a pair of solid colored pants, and some flat shoes exactly the same clothing they are all wearing. The girl likely saw those three people on the steps and saw what they looked like and what they were wearing and realized that she was not dressed like they are so therefore she conformed and decided to dress just like they are. On the slides conformity is defined as "changing one's own behavior to match that of other people." In the psychology textbook conformity is defined with the exact same words. This image is showing exactly that, the girl was not dressed like the other people and she wanted to be like them, so therefore she changed the way she was dressed to match them to therefore hopefully be more like them and hopefully have a better chance to be included in their group.

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Ch. 14: Psychological Disorders               Example 2: Binge-Eating Disorder

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Ch. 14: Psychological Disorders               Example 2: Binge-Eating Disorder

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This source is related to one of the topics that we discussed in Chapter 14. This video shows a little glimpse into the life of Patty Bladell from the show "Insatiable." In the beginning of these clips Patty says to her dad, "You want to eat something but you know you shouldn't so you don't and then all you can think about is that thing and it's... it's so loud so you just break down and you eat it and then you eat everything else until you finally hate yourself enough to stop." This is just showing how out of control her relationship with food is and that she binges out on food because something in her mind is telling her that she has to. Some of the clips in this video show her binging out on food and in the one clip she is binging out on some donuts and she is listing out reasons why she is eating so much and she can not stop herself from eating and binging out. In another clip Patty is talking to some woman and asking if there is a thing such as compulsive eating because Patty thought that you had to binge out on food and then purge for it to be considered an eating disorder and the lady tells her that "But it turns out, there's no one right way to be f*cked up about food." This just shows a perfect example of what the definition of binge-eating disorder is which in the book is, "A condition in which a person overeats, or binges, on enormous amounts of food at one sitting, but unlike bulimia nervosa, the individual does not then purge or use other unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain." This definition speaks to Patty exactly, Patty eats and eats copious amounts of food uncontrollably and then just feels bad about it afterwards. In another clip she is seen putting soap on some pastries that she threw in the garbage, but it turns out that she ended up eating them out of the trash even with the soap still on them and this just shows how out of control she is with her thoughts about eating food and binging. There is another clip of her eating a yogurt and then adding some chocolate cereal on top and then she eating more and more cereal until she is funneling the whole bag of cereal into her mouth. The final clip of this video shows Patty eating cake with a fork and she ends up just stuffing the cake into her mouth with her hands. All of these behaviors show that Patty is suffering from binge-eating disorder. She eats so much food in one sitting and it is seemingly out of her control.

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Ch. 11: Stress and Health Example 3: Optimists

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Ch. 11: Stress and Health Example 3: Optimists

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This source is related to one of the topics that we covered in Chapter 11 which was all about stress and health. There were many different aspects covered in this chapter, but in this we will be discussing one of the positive topics. The video/clip that is linked is a Spongebob music video in which Spongebob is singing to plankton. In the beginning of the music video Spongebob and Plankton are in some sort of bad position, they seem to be lost and alone in some sort of underwater desert. The one thing that we can see they have on them is a harmonica and Spongebob is the one with the harmonica. Spongebob starts to play the harmonica that he has and Plankton slyly remarks, "You're not going to start singing, are you?" To which Spongebob replies to by bursting out into song and dance about Positivity. The first lines of the song that Spongebob sings are, "Be positive, that's the way to live." In this verse in itself Spongebob is being very positive and optimistic even about the sticky situation that him and Plankton are currently in. The next verse of the song is, "It's how you'll giggle, once you've fallen down the stairs." This is Spongebob showing Plankton and the viewers his way of thinking and his way of thinking is very positive in the bad situation he brings up, which is falling down the stairs. Spongebob in general is a perfect example of an optimist, but it really shows a little bit extra in this music video because it is literally a music video about staying positive all the time, even in a bad situation. The book's definition of optimists is, "people who expect positive outcomes." Now obviously, we know that Spongebob is not an actual person, but that can be easily overlooked for this example. Spongebob is expecting a positive outcome of whatever situation him and Plankton are in and he is expecting a positive outcome for other things he mentioned in the song like giggling after you fall down the stairs. He expects positive things from both positive and negative situations and that is exactly what an optimist is. In your Chapter 11 slides you say that optimists, "tend to look for positive outcomes." This definition also holds strong with my example because that is exactly what Spongebob is doing in this whole music video.

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Spongebob Squarepants 2 | The Positivity Song | Music Video | Paramount Pictures International

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Ch. 12: Social Psychology Example 4: Groupthink

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Ch. 12: Social Psychology Example 4: Groupthink

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This source is related to one of the topic that we discussed in Chapter 12 which is all about the different aspects of social psychology. In this imagine where are six men and they all appear to be in some type of meeting all together as a group. There is the guy who is likely in charge of the group on the very left of the image. The five other men in the image are making some sort of decision together as a group. The main man, the one on the left, is seen asking the group "All those in favor say 'Aye.'" All five of the other men pictured said "Aye" as a response to his prompt. But the thing that stands out about this image is that you can see what each of the five individual men are thinking. The first man that is sitting down was thinking, "say it ain't so." The man across from him was thinking, "You've got to be kidding!" The man next to the first man mentioned was thinking, "Perish the thought!" The man across from him was thinking, "Heaven forbid!" Lastly, the man on the end of the table, on the right side of the image, was thinking, "No! No! A thousand times no!" So all of this shows that all five of the men sitting down and making this decision were thinking the same thing which was that whatever the head man mentioned is a bad idea. The thing is, they all were thinking no and thinking that this was a terrible idea, but all of them said "Aye" when the head man said, "All those in favor say 'Aye.'" They all just did not want to be different from the group and likely cause some sort of stir-up. So what is happening in tis image is groupthink. The book's definition of groupthink is, "kind of thinking that occurs when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned." This is exactly what these five men are doing, they know everyone is going to agree to what the head man says so they agree to maintain group cohesiveness even though they actually know the facts of the problem. The definition of groupthink is the exact same in the Chapter 12 slides and this just proves the point that this example shows the concept of groupthink perfectly.

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Chapter 5: Learning Example 1: Movie, Mommie Dearest

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Chapter 5: Learning Example 1: Movie, Mommie Dearest

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This source related to one of the topics that we discussed in chapter five, which talked all about the different aspects of learning. In this scene from the movie Mommie Dearest, the mother yells and beats her daughter because the daughter hung up some of her clothes with a wire coat hanger and the mother really does not like wire coat hangers to be used. Initially when the mother saw that her daughter hung up her dress with a wire coat hanger she started yelling at the daughter about how she should never use wire coat hangers ever and then she proceeded to throw that same dress at her daughter, hitting her in the face. After the mother did that she continued yelling about how wire coat hangers are not to be used and then she started to destroy the daughter’s closet by throwing everything that was in her closet all over the floor in her room. Eventually she found that her daughter had hung up another article of clothing with a wire coat hanger and the mother screamed at her daughter to get out of her bed and while still holding that same wire coat hanger she had just found and proceeded to beat her daughter with it. In chapter five we learned about different kinds of punishment and what each of them can do; in this movie clip the mother uses positive punishment on her daughter. The mother obviously uses punishment, but more specifically positive punishment because she is adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease her daughter’s behavior. There are multiple unpleasant stimuli that the mother uses to get her daughter to not use wire coat hangers to hang up her clothes anymore. The mother hits her daughter with her dress that she hung up with the wire coat hanger and then later she beats her daughter with a second wire coat hanger that she found hanging up in her closet. The behavior was the daughter hanging up some of her clothing with wire coat hangers and the unpleasant stimulus in this situation was the daughter getting beat for hanging up her clothing with wire coat hangers. Therefore, frequency of such behavior should go down because of the negative stimulus. So the daughter is most likely not going to hang up any of her clothing with wire coat hangers again because she knows what will likely occur if she were to do that same behavior again.

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No Wire Hangers - Mommie Dearest (6/9) Movie CLIP (1981) HD

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Chapter 5: Learning Example 4: Movie, Despicable Me

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Chapter 5: Learning Example 4: Movie, Despicable Me

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This source relates to one of the topics that we covered in Chapter 5, which was about learning. In this scene from the movie Despicable Me, the main character Gru is driving around three young girls. At first the one girl asks Gru a question which seemed to annoy him a little bit and then a different girl screams and it startles Gru and he swerves slightly on the road. Both of these things ended up aggravating Gru, so he was already annoyed by these girls. Then after this the three young girls really want to go to this amusement park that they see while they are driving by and they keep on nagging and annoying Gru about how badly they want to go to the amusement park. Gru initially just keeps denying them and telling them that he does not care if they want to go, but they keep on pushing and pushing Gru, so then he thinks of an idea. His brilliant idea is basically to get rid of the girls forever. The movie illustrates this by putting the girls in an imaginary cart with an arrow behind them that says goodbye and when Gru pulls a lever the girls all go goodbye. He decides to listen to what the girls are asking of him and drive them all to the amusement park. Once they were at the amusement park Gru walks the three girls in and then lets them go onto one of the rides while he stays back. Gru tells the girls “goodbye have fun” and then he leaves them at the amusement park alone therefore getting rid of the girls and their aggravating nagging forever. In chapter five we learned about the different types of reinforcement and in this clip from Despicable Me, Gru uses negative reinforcement to get rid of the girls and their nagging. The behavior in his situation would be the girls annoying Gru about letting them go to the amusement park, so then Gru tells them that they can can go, drives them all to the amusement park, and then lets them all on a ride by themselves. The removal of unpleasant stimulus in this situation would be Gru leaving the girls at the amusement park therefore getting rid of the girls and all of their nagging forever. The frequency of behavior increases in this situation would be that if Gru were ever in the same or a similar situation he might use the same tactic to get rid of someone else who is annoying him.

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Despicable Me Gru drops girls off at theme park

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Chapter 4: Consciousness Example 3: Meme from a Television Show, Spongebob

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Chapter 4: Consciousness Example 3: Meme from a Television Show, Spongebob

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This gif relates to one of the many topics that we covered in Chapter four, which is all about consciousness and the different aspect of it. We learned a lot about sleep and the different sleep disorders and what can possibly happen to you if you do not get enough sleep. In this meme the topic that we covered that this showcased is sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation as stated in our textbook is, ”any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability.” This meme is from an episode of Spongebob and it is just a gif of Spongebob walking into the Krusty Crab looking extremely tired and worn out and on the meme it says, “WHEN YOU HAVE TO GO INTO WORK EARLy ON A MONDAY.” The wording on this meme likely implies that you do not get much sleep on a Sunday because after all, it is the weekend. So this wording likely means that the cartoon, Spongebob, did not get very much sleep if he ended up getting any sleep at all whatsoever on Sunday and maybe even on Saturday. First of all, the door behind Spongebob is already shut and it is a push door, this means that Spongebob must be walking quite slow because the door is completely shut and he is not very far into the Krusty Krab at all. He is walking very slow because he is doing some sort of half crawl by walking on his knees. He likely is walking like this because he does not have enough energy to walk normally because, as you can tell, he is extremely tired. At this point it is obviously clear that the cartoon, Spongebob is deprived of sleep, but to just add to all of that, his arms are limp by his sides. This also shows how lethargic he currently is because usually when he, or anyone else, walks they move their arms slightly with them as they walk. Another thing that is important to mention is that Spongebob’s whole face is somewhat droopy looking, just proving even more how tired he is from a lack of sleep the night or nights prior to this. Spongebob’s eyes are also extremely droopy and they are quiet red. Droopy eyelids are one of the side effects of sleep depervation that is mentioned in our textbook. Also you can tell just by looking at this gif of Spongebob that he is irritable, he clearly does not want to be at the Krusty Krab right now; Spongebob would probably rather be catching up on some of that sleep he lost.

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Chapter 5: Learning Example 2: Television show, Seinfeld

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Chapter 5: Learning Example 2: Television show, Seinfeld

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This source relates to one of the topics that we discussed in chapter five, which is all about learning and the different aspects of it. In this clip from the show Seinfeld there are two men Jerry and George who are trying to get some soup from this one specific soup place. Jerry mentions that the guy serving the soup is a so-called “soup nazi” and he makes sure to worn George to not mess with the man serving the soup. When they get into the soup place George orders his soup first and then he looks into the bag in which the soup is in and he notices that he did not get any bread to go with his soup. At first George just says that he did not get any bread and then he tells the man serving the soup that he believes he forgot to give him his bread. The so-called “soup nazi” replies that the bread would cost George two dollars and then George replies that everyone else before him in line got free bread, so the man serving the soup then asks him if he wants some bread to which George replies that he does want bread and the “soup nazi” then tells him that if he wants bread it will now cost him three dollars. After all this George just exclaims the word “what” and the man serving the soup tells George that he now will not even be getting soup anymore and the lady working at the soup place takes George’s soup and gives him his all his money back. In chapter five we learned about the different types of punishment and in this Seinfeld clip negative punishment is being used. George noticed that he did not get any bread and then he continued to ask about it and nag the “soup nazi” about not getting the same bread that everyone else before him had gotten for free. The man serving the soup told George that the bread would be two dollars, and then three dollars, and then the man got George’s soup taken away from him. The behavior was George nagging the man serving the soup and the removal of a positive stimulus was the man getting George’s soup taken away. The frequency of the behavior decreases which means that the next time George tries to get soup from this place he will most likely have learned not to nag the “soup nazi.”