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HISTORICAL - BIOGRAPHICAL LITERARY THEORY 

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HISTORICAL - BIOGRAPHICAL LITERARY THEORY 

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Historical-Biographical approach establishes a bridge between the reader and the world of the author. The life of the author, the historical events and the values of his age help us understand the work, and in a similar way the literary work gives information of the author and his own period. The historical and biographical references are used to portray the author's life and some the characters stated.

https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/mod/resource/view.php?id=53441#:~:text=Historical%2DBiographical%20approach%20establishes%20a,author%20and%20his%20own%20period.

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LES MISÉRABLES (2012)
Background Summary
Based on the classic novel, Les Misérables, by Victor Hugo, and the classic Broadway stage show of the same name, Les Misérables (2012) follows the story of Jean Valjean, a prisoner who breaks parole, and is on the run from Jervert, the inspector assigned to take him back. Jervert’s pursuit wears Valjean down, as he faces other agendas such as protecting Cosette, the child of Fantine, a poor prostitute. The plot of this musical, drama movie thickens as the war turned gruesome and way more violent than anyone could’ve imagined.

Click the attached link below to read this section.

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HISTO-BIO CONTEXT IN NON LITERARY PIECES

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HISTO-BIO CONTEXT IN NON LITERARY PIECES

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THIS IS AMERICA (2018)
Background Summary
"This is America" is a song curated by rapper Donald Glover (stage name Childish Gambino). It is a social cry about black people's history in America and the discrimination they endured. The lyrics portray the struggle of African-Americans being seen as less than human and owning the stereotype of a criminal. Messages and symbols are hinted throughout the music video, which will be further listed and discussed.

Click the attached link below to read this section.

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a) Jean Piaget (1936), the theory of cognitive development explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world. He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as a process that occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment. His theory proposes discrete stages of development, marked by qualitative differences, rather than a gradual increase in number and complexity of behaviors, concepts, ideas, etc.

b) The term, “critical sociocultural theory” was coined by Cynthia Lewis,  Elizabeth Birr. Moje, and Patricia Enciso in order to retain constructs from sociocultural theory while pushing for more direct attention to issues of power, identity, and agency that are central to literacy learning and practice.

c) Lev Vygotsky, a seminal psychologist, believed that parents, caregivers, peers, and the culture at large were responsible for developing higher-order functions, which was how the sociocultural theory grew from his work. Vygotsky claimed that initial development was prompted by the child’s immediate social interactions, but that, as learning became internalised, there was a shift to the individual level. For Vygotsky, children were apprentices who learned from and alongside those with greater experience who understood their abilities and needs.

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SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT IN NON-LITERARY PIECES

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SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT IN NON-LITERARY PIECES

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ALWAYS #LIKEAGIRL
Background Summary
"Always #LikeAGirl" is an advertisement curated by Always, an American brand of menstrual hygiene products, such as menstrual pads. It is a social awakening about female gender stereotypes that are implied in societies and cultures and the mockery girls and women endure because of it. In the advertisement, males and females ranging from adolescents to young adults are told to do certain actions in a way a "girl would do." Symbols on how women are portrayed or looked at within society are hinted at throughout the advertisement, which will be further listed and discussed.

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1. What are the main difference/s between Histo-Bio and Socio-Cultural?

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1. What are the main difference/s between Histo-Bio and Socio-Cultural?

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Histo-bio (Historical/biographical) theory refers to the specific events that happened in a given time period and the background of the author that may have influenced the outcome of the works. Meanwhile, sociocultural (Sociology/cultural) discusses the possible society that exists within the work. The interaction between humans in the community may affect the plot/background of the material. Furthermore, cultural utilizes the impact of tradition that has been passed down from generation to generation to set values and ideas in the characters.

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SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT IN LITERARY PIECES 

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SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT IN LITERARY PIECES 

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HIDDEN FIGURES (2016)
Background Summary
Hidden Figures is a story of struggle and willpower, but not of individual glory. Set in 1960s Virginia, the film centers on three pioneering African American women whose calculations for NASA were integral to several historic space missions, including John Glenn’s successful orbit of the Earth. These women—Katherine Johnson, Mary Jackson, and Dorothy Vaughan—were superlative mathematicians and engineers despite starting their careers in segregation-era America and facing discrimination at home, at school, and at work.

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2. How do both perspectives influence learning?

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2. How do both perspectives influence learning?

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According to the socio-cultural approach, cultural factors such as language, art, social norms and social structures can play a significant role in the development of our cognitive abilities. This approach emphasizes the influence of the society that we living on our learning process.  On the other hand, histo-bio

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1. Intrapersonal
2. Interpersonal
3. Zone of Proximal Development-"[The] distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers." (Lev Vygotsky, Mind in Society, 1978).
4. Scaffolding - Learners complete small, manageable steps in order to reach the goal. Working in collaboration with a skilled instructor or more knowledgeable peers help students make connections between concepts.

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Socio-cultural context considers how reading, writing, response to literature, and both the analysis and creation of digital media shape and are shaped by race, culture, identity, and codes of power, it refers to the idea that language, rather than existing in isolation, is closely linked to the culture and society in which it is used. This means when language is learnt, the socio-cultural context in which it is used needs to be taken into consideration as well. For example, looking at the language of advertisements *which we will discuss below in Social-cultural context in non- literary pieces*. In order to do this effectively, they need to understand the culture in which the adverts function.

https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/socio-cultural-context

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"Sociocultural Approach". Psychologist World. December 2019. Accessed October 26 2020.

https://www.psychologistworld.com/cognitive/learning/sociocultural-approach-vygotsky-zone-proximal-development