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One thing I learned is that there is always time to try again. I learned this when we messed up several of our experiments. Sometimes it would be a mistake like not paying attention to the timer and other times it would be adding too much Sodium Hydroxide to the bromothymol blue and carbon dioxide mixture. But we were always able to start over and get results. This lesson applies to real life because there will almost always be another chance to fix a mistake.

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1.) We could have used a different amount of bromothymol blue for different trials (we did this a couple times by accident).

2.) We could have incorrectly timed the inhalations and exhalations.

3.) The person holding their breath could have forgotten to exhale before starting the procedures therefore not expelling the unwanted/bad air).

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Some challenges we had to overcome during this experiment were:

1.) When a group member accidentally pushed the beaker off the desk we had to take the time out of our experiment to clean it up.

2.) We did not have the time to do a lot of trials.

3.) The Sodium Hydroxide always reversed the bromothymol blue too much.

4.) Sometimes we would forget about the timer.

5.) Getting used to working with new partners.

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1.) Amount of bromethyl blue

2.) Person breathing

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Does holding your breath affect the amount of carbon dioxide in exhalation?

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Trial 1: 4 seconds of air; bromothymol blue turned dark green.

Trial 2: 4 seconds of air; bromothymol blue turned dark green.

Trial 3: 8 seconds of air; bromothymol blue turned olive green.

Trial 4: 8 seconds of air; bromothymol blue turned olive green.

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In these trials, we did the exact same steps as in trials 1 and 2. The only difference was we substituted 4 seconds of inhalation, exhalation, and holding your breath with 8 seconds. We wanted to determine if how long you hold your breath affects the outcome of the experiment. In both trial 3 and trial 4, the bromothymol blue started as a dark blue and converted to an olive green almost instantly. The Sodium Hydroxide did not turn the bromothymol blue back to its original color. A drop of NaOH converted it to a much darker color.

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We found that holding your breath does increase the amount of carbon dioxide released. The bromethyl blue turned green each time we exhaled after holding our breath. We also concluded that the longer you hold your breath, the more carbon dioxide is produced. It turned greener the longer we held our breath. The bromethyl blue was also less bright when we held our breath for 8 seconds as opposed to 4.

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Holding your breath affects the amount of carbon dioxide being exhaled. The longer you hold your breath, the more CO2 will be produced.

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1.) Length of time that exhalation is stopped

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1.) Rate of inhalation

2.) Rate of exhalation

3.) Amount of time breath held

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Steps 1, 2, and 3 were completed. Then the timer was started. As soon as the timer began, Hayley exhaled for 4 seconds to get rid of all her bad air. After that, she inhaled for 4 seconds making sure that her lungs were full. Then she held her breath for 4 seconds. Next, Hayley exhaled into the straw for four seconds. The group member that controlled the stopwatch pointed to her to indicate when she would start each step. Each group member observe to see if the bromothymol blue changed to a new color. The bromothymol blue changed to a dark green almost right away.

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1.) Bromothymol blue

2.) Beaker

3.) Carbon Dioxide

4.) Stopwatch

5.) Straw

6.) Sodium Hydroxide

7.) Funnel

8.) Paper Towels (in case of a messy situation)

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1.) Get out materials (beaker, bromothymol blue, straw, stopwatch, Sodium Hydroxide, graduated cylinder, paper towels).

2.) Slowly pour 50 ml of bromothymol blue through a funnel into a beaker.

3.) Add one straw to the beaker with the bromothymol blue.

4.) Exhale for four seconds but not into the straw. All of the bad air has to have left the lungs before you begin. Therefore, you must exhale into the room, not the straw.*

5.) Inhale for four seconds through your nose.*

6.) Hold breath for four seconds.*

7.) Exhale into straw for four seconds, blowing hard enough to effect the bromothymol blue.*

8.) Check/examine to see if the bromothymol blue changed color.

9.) If the bromothymol blue did change colors, record what color it changed to.

10.) Add Sodium Hydroxide (in drops) to the bromothymol blue in order to return the bromothymol blue back to its original color.

11.) Record how many drops of Sodium Hydroxide is used.

12.) Repeat

For steps marked with "*", you must use a stopwatch to ensure each step is occurring for the designated amount of time.