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GaN is far much better than silicon transistors for use in power electronics systems. GaN-based electronics (not pure GaN) has the potential to drastically cut energy consumption, not only in consumer applications but even for power transmission utilities. MIT spinout Cambridge Electronics Inc's claim their transistors have at least one-tenth the resistance of such silicon-based transistors. This allows for much higher energy efficiency, and orders-of-magnitude faster switching frequency. This has huge implications not only for energy usage of power electronics systems, but their physical size and stability. Unlike silicon transistors which switch off due to power surges, GaN transistors are typically normally on, however the company along with US government and university assistance developed GaN transistors via materials engineering to be "normally off" just as silicon based transistors.

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Applications in which GaN based technology can be put to use

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Applications in which GaN based technology can be put to use

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SHREYA PANDEY

1) Blu-ray discs

2) Magnetic semiconductor technology

3) manufacture of light-emitting diodes

4) military electronics such as active electronically scanned array radars

5) optoelectronics and biochemical-sensing applications

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SHREYA PANDEY

1) ubiquitous - present, appearing, or found everywhere

2) CEI - Cambridge Electronics Inc.

3) fabrication - the action or process of manufacturing or inventing something

4) niche - a comfortable or suitable position in life or employment

5) mainstream - the ideas, attitudes, or activities that are shared by most people and regarded as normal or conventional

6) transistor - a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power

7) DOE - Department of Energy

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SHREYA PANDEY

This survey is targeted towards engineers and scientists who are looking for semiconductors which consume less energy.

1) How has the discovery of GaN affected commercial sector?

Ans - Its discovery has led to the commercialization of high-performance blue LEDs and long-lifetime violet-laser diodes, and to the development of nitride-based devices such as UV detectors and high-speed field-effect transistors.

2) How is GaN ideal for microwave applications?

Ans - The very high breakdown voltages, high electron mobility and saturation velocity of GaN has also made it an ideal candidate for high-power and high-temperature microwave applications, as evidenced by its high Johnson's Figure of Merit.

3) How are GaN based electronics effective in energy conservation?

Ans - GaN-based electronics (not pure GaN) has the potential to drastically cut energy consumption, not only in consumer applications but even for power transmission utilities.

4) Is GaN biocompatible?

Ans - Bulk GaN is non-toxic and biocompatible, and therefore may be used in the electrodes and electronics of implants in living organisms.

5) How are GaN field-effect transistors effectively used?

Ans -

The first gallium nitride metal semiconductor field-effect transistors (GaN MESFET) were experimentally demonstrated in 1993 and they are being actively developed.

In 2010 the first enhancement-mode gallium nitride transistors became generally available. These devices were designed to replace power MOSFETs in applications where switching speed or power conversion efficiency is critical. These transistors, also called eGaN FETs, are built by growing a thin layer of GaN on top of a standard silicon wafer. This allows the eGaN FETs to maintain costs similar to silicon power MOSFETs but with the superior electrical performance of GaN.

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SHREYA PANDEY

1) Youtube video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tybgu46TQo0&feature=youtu.be

2) Youtube video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXOfCZEgIvU&feature=youtu.be

3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_nitride

4) Gallium Nitride Electronics

Authors - Quay and Rodiger

Publisher - Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Edition Number - 1

5) Fundamentals of Power Semiconductor Devices

Author - B. Jayant Baliga

Publisher - Springer US

Edition Number - 1

6) Semiconductor Power Devices

Authors - Josef Lutz, Heinrich Schlangenotto, Uwe Scheuermann and Rik De Doncker

Publisher - Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Edition Number - 1

7) Power Electronics Semiconductor Switches

Author - E. Ramshaw

Publisher - Springer US

Edition Number - 2

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I think Electrification of Vehicles is a feasible application under semiconductors . The evaluation consists of the determinations of the scale of electrification, locations to be electrified, mode of operation, level of energy transfer, and energy consumption. These analyses are accomplished through vehicle simulation. The evaluation results indicate that systems that combine the electrified roadway and static chargers or those that use static chargers exclusively can be deployed on roads.Hardware costs for this plan are estimated.This application tends to decrease the fossil consumption as well as CO₂ level in the environment.

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APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS IN AUTOMOBILES

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APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS IN AUTOMOBILES

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KRITANSHU SINGH

1) Electrification of vehicles

2) Used for driverless automobiles

3) Use of Telematics in automobiles.

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KRITANSHU SINGH

1) Transistorize-design or make with transistors rather than valves.

2) ABS-Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to maintain tractive contact with the road surface according to driver inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up (ceasing rotation) and avoiding uncontrolled skidding.

3) GPS - The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.

4)Telematics - Telematics refers to the use of wireless devices and “black box” technologies to transmit data in real time back to an organization.

5) HEV -The Hybrid Electric Vehicle combines a gasoline engine with an electric motor.

6) Turbocharger-a supercharger driven by a turbine powered by the engine's exhaust gases.

7) EPS - Electric power steering works with the help of an Electric Motor and a control unit which has some sensors.

8) VSC - VSC is a vehicle stability control system that improves active safety performance when the vehicle skids.

9) Collission Avoidance - Collision avoidance is the maintenance of systems and practices designed to prevent vehicles such as cars, trains, ships, and airplanes from colliding with other vehicles.

10) Adaptive Cruise Control- a device in a motor vehicle which can be switched on to maintain a selected constant speed without the use of the accelerator pedal.

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What are the uses of semiconductor AWG  MOHAMMED SOHAIL SAJID 

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What are the uses of semiconductor AWG  MOHAMMED SOHAIL SAJID 

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Using the semiconductor AWGs as core components, the integrated semiconductor optical devices are developing by integrating with the other semiconductor devices including photodetectors, optical amplifiers, and electroabsorption modulators.

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KRITANSHU SINGH

The survey is targeted towards engineers with an aim of understanding the need and gain of introduction semiconductors in automobiles.

1) What was the major aim of introducing semiconductors in automobiles?

ANS= The aim of introduction of semiconductors into automotive industry was decreasing pollution and fossil fuel consumption.

2) Has the industry succeded in achieving its aim?

ANS= It is a long term objective but our progress in a decade or so has been upto the mark.One major step towards our goal was invention of electric cars and now its has already started replacing fossil consuming vehicles.

3) Has your industry's work oriented in only energy consumption reduction?

ANS= No.With time we have evolved some more ideas and are working on them.

4) Can you please elaborate us about the new ideas in semiconductor's introduction in vehicles?

ANS= Apart from the aforesaid objective,we are concentrating on increasing safety of drivers.We are also working on making driving easy and comfortable.We have already introduced auto parking technology.

5) Is your industry also bringing driverless cars?

ANS= Yes,actually it has already been implemented.The tests for safety are going on and soon you will see them on roads.

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KRITANSHU SINGH

1) The Role of the Semiconductor Industry in Automotive Innovation-YOUTUBE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XK9eA6NRGNc)

2) Semiconductor use in automobiles rising -EE TIMES(http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1151615)

3) Semiconductor industry-WIKIPEDIA

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_industry)

4) Physics of Semiconductors and their heterostructures

Author-Jasprit Singh

Ed No.-1st

Publisher Name-Tata McGraw Hills

City of Publication-New Delhi

Year of Publication-2014.

5) Semiconductor's Physics and Devices

Author-S S Islam

Ed. No.-3rd

Publisher Name-Oxford University Press

City of Publication-New Delhi

Year of Publication-2006

6) Fundamentals of Semiconductors

Author-Peter Y Yu and Manuel Cardona

Ed. No.-4th

Publisher's Name-Springer

City of Publication-New York

Year of Publication-2010

7) Physics of Semiconductor Devices

Author- J P Collinge and C A Collinge

Ed. No.-1st

Publisher's Name-Springer

City of Publication-New Delhi

Year of Publication-2007.

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Semiconductors was something that i was familiar with as it is used a lot in electronic gadgets. The recent advancements in their applications create a lot of buzz. Thus the discovery of gallium arsenide as an energy efficient semiconductor created headlines. While searching for journals online, I found this on the website of phy.org. I also saw few videos related to it on youtube.

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First of all I read about semiconductors on WIKIPEDIA. Then I selected a particular topic 'Use of Semiconductors in Automotives' and selected a journal on it from IEEE.I also referred to some Youtube videos and books to understand my topic.

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WHAT WAS THE SEMICONDUCTORS' FIRST USE IN VEHICLES?                                   -KRITANSHU SINGH

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WHAT WAS THE SEMICONDUCTORS' FIRST USE IN VEHICLES?                                   -KRITANSHU SINGH

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They were used in transmitters for radio technology in vehicles.then with time their usage increased.

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WHY IS THIS TECHNOLOGY GETTING IMMENSE USAGE IN ADVANCED AUTOMOTIVE?  -KRITANSHU SINGH

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WHY IS THIS TECHNOLOGY GETTING IMMENSE USAGE IN ADVANCED AUTOMOTIVE?  -KRITANSHU SINGH

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With introduction of driverless cars and auto parking this technology has really very important for advancement and safety of automotives

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HOW HAS THE TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED?                                     -KRITANSHU SINGH

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HOW HAS THE TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED?                                     -KRITANSHU SINGH

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The technology is developing at a good rate. In a decade many new ideas have been already mechanised into automobile

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WHERE DID THIS TECHNOLOGY FIRST CAME INTO RECOGNITION?                  -KRITANSHU SINGH

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WHERE DID THIS TECHNOLOGY FIRST CAME INTO RECOGNITION?                  -KRITANSHU SINGH

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Around a decade ago,in DARPA grand challenge this technology got initiated.

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WHAT DO THE PUBLIC NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SEMICONDUCTORS IN THEIR CARS?                                                -KRITANSHU SINGH

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WHAT DO THE PUBLIC NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SEMICONDUCTORS IN THEIR CARS?                                                -KRITANSHU SINGH

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From GPS to ABS and from auto parking to HEV motor,this technology is used.

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WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF SEMICONDUCTORS IN AUTOMOBILES?                       -KRITANSHU SINGH

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WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF SEMICONDUCTORS IN AUTOMOBILES?                       -KRITANSHU SINGH

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Used in electrification of vehicles which reduces fuel consumption and pollution.This technology also increases comfort and safety in vehicles.

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What are the disadvantages of using silicon based power electronics in electric cars? - SHREYA PANDEY

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What are the disadvantages of using silicon based power electronics in electric cars? - SHREYA PANDEY

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The silicon transistors have a constrained power capability that limits how much power the car can handle.

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What are the advantages of GaN over silicon transistors? - SHREYA PANDEY

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What are the advantages of GaN over silicon transistors? - SHREYA PANDEY

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GaN transistors have at least one-tenth the resistance of silicon-based transistors. This allows for much higher energy-efficiency, and orders-of-magnitude faster switching frequency.

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How do silicon transistors waste energy? - SHREYA PANDEY

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How do silicon transistors waste energy? - SHREYA PANDEY

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Silicon transistors switch on

and off to regulate voltage but, due to speed and resistance constraints, waste energy as heat.

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What are power electronics? - SHREYA PANDEY

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What are power electronics? - SHREYA PANDEY

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Power electronics is a ubiquitous technology used to convert electricity to higher or lower voltages and different currents.

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Why did the DOE(Department of Energy) dedicate half of  its research funding for power electronics to GaN research? - SHREYA PANDEY

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Why did the DOE(Department of Energy) dedicate half of  its research funding for power electronics to GaN research? - SHREYA PANDEY

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GaN has the potential to reduce worldwide energy demands.

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Semiconductor Arrayed Waveguide Gratings for
Photonic Integrated Devices

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Semiconductor Arrayed Waveguide Gratings for
Photonic Integrated Devices

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MOHAMMMED SOHAIL SAJID

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Semiconductor arrayed waveguide gratings for photonic integrated devices - IEEE Xplore Document

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This paper reviews recent progress of the semiconductor arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) and the integrated semiconductor optical devices including the se

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Making the new silicon Gallium nitride electronics could drastically cut energy usage

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Making the new silicon Gallium nitride electronics could drastically cut energy usage

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An exotic material called gallium nitride (GaN) is poised to become the next semiconductor for power electronics, enabling much higher efficiency than silicon. In 2013, the Department of Energy (DOE) dedicated approximately half of a $140 million research institute for power electronics to GaN research, citing its potential to reduce worldwide energy consumption.

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New Semiconductor

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New semiconductor will change the world نوع جديد من اشباه الموصلات سيغير العالم

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Gallium nitride was developed by a japanese scientist and he won a nobel prize for his invention , one of its most important properties is that it produces much less wasted energy than silicon , this might open a new era in semiconductors industry that will help making better and more power efficient electronics in the future , more in the video.

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SUMMARY

SHREYA PANDEY

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SHREYA PANDEY

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The Role of the Semiconductor Industry in Automotive Innovation

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Hear from Lars Reger, NXP Semiconductors, how the increasing momentum of semiconductor development fuels the innovations of modern cars. Securely connecting the car into IoT and enabling self-driving cars. For more information visit: http://www.cadence.com/automotive

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Invention of transisitors in 1948 changed many of our lives and will continue to do so.Great possibility of semiconductors in every field makes it an important component of Research and Development.Now,semiconductors are making their way into automotive industries;one of the first to offer a mass market through use of power transmitter in automotive radios just after invention of transistors.Now these devices find their way in AC generators,voltage regulators,etc.Future uses of semiconductor applications in automobiles are listed in the journal.Creativity in developing practical applications is needed in research,development engineering,process engineering and applied manufactuaring methods.

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KRITANSHU SINGH (2015A1PS547H