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States "The Western powers did not expect any agreement on German reunification; they moved, however, to exploit the theme of German reunification more effectively"(106)

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Ostermann believes that the East German uprising stems from the poor living and working conditions that resulted from Ulbricht's socialization program. "As a result of the disruption of the agricultural system, severe food shortages occurred throughout Eastern Germany int he winter and spring of 1953. [...] East Germans were fleeing the country by the thousands, 15,000 to 25,000 per month, despite the sealing off of the inner-German demarcation line. All over the country, protests, strikes, and other symptoms of dissatisfaction were apparent in larger industrial plans as well as in the 'bourgeois' bloc parties"

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Journal Information

German Studies Review, the scholarly journal of the German Studies Association, is published three times each year, in February, May, and October. The journal publishes articles and book reviews in history, literature, culture studies, political science, as well as interdisciplinary topics relating to the German-speaking areas of Europe encompassing primarily, but not exclusively, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Articles and reviews are published in English or German. Each issue contains at least seven articles and sixty book reviews. German Studies Review is a journal of first publication, and all submissions are peer-reviewed. German Studies Review is included in Historical Abstracts, Current Contents, Current Geographical Publications, and other indices, and is assigned the acronym GerSR for the MLA International Bibliography. German Studies Review is published by the German Studies Association and Carleton College.

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One of the largest publishers in the United States, the Johns Hopkins University Press combines traditional books and journals publishing units with cutting-edge service divisions that sustain diversity and independence among nonprofit, scholarly publishers, societies, and associations. Journals The Press is home to the largest journal publication program of any U.S.-based university press. The Journals Division publishes 85 journals in the arts and humanities, technology and medicine, higher education, history, political science, and library science. The division also manages membership services for more than 50 scholarly and professional associations and societies. Books With critically acclaimed titles in history, science, higher education, consumer health, humanities, classics, and public health, the Books Division publishes 150 new books each year and maintains a backlist in excess of 3,000 titles. With warehouses on three continents, worldwide sales representation, and a robust digital publishing program, the Books Division connects Hopkins authors to scholars, experts, and educational and research institutions around the world. Project MUSE® Project MUSE is a leading provider of digital humanities and social sciences content, providing access to journal and book content from nearly 300 publishers. MUSE delivers outstanding results to the scholarly community by maximizing revenues for publishers, providing value to libraries, and enabling access for scholars worldwide. Hopkins Fulfillment Services (HFS) HFS provides print and digital distribution for a distinguished list of university presses and nonprofit institutions. HFS clients enjoy state-of-the-art warehousing, real-time access to critical business data, accounts receivable management and collection, and unparalleled customer service.

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"Keeping the Pot Simmering": The United States and the East German Uprising of 1953 on JSTOR

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Journal Information German Studies Review, the scholarly journal of the German Studies Association, is published three times each year, in February, May, and October. The journal publishes articles and book reviews in history, literature, culture studies, political science, as well as interdisciplinary topics relating to the German-speaking areas of Europe encompassing primarily, but not exclusively, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

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The United States was not considering the possibility of German Reunification with the Soviet Union which made negotiations complicated.

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Ingimundarson believes that one issue regarding Germany was the United States' involvement in the "food-scheme". He says it had "tangible effects on the political situation inn East Germany" and made the US reconsider their foregin policy. However, he argues that the SED announcing the New Course was the event that truly "spear-headed" the demonstrations.

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Journal Information

Diplomatic History is the official journal of Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR). The journal appeals to readers from a wide variety of disciplines, including American studies, international economics, American history, national security studies, and Latin-American, Asian, African, European, and Middle Eastern studies.

Publisher Information

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. OUP is the world's largest university press with the widest global presence. It currently publishes more than 6,000 new publications a year, has offices in around fifty countries, and employs more than 5,500 people worldwide. It has become familiar to millions through a diverse publishing program that includes scholarly works in all academic disciplines, bibles, music, school and college textbooks, business books, dictionaries and reference books, and academic journals.

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The Eisenhower Administration, the Adenauer Government, and the Political Uses of the East German Uprising in 1953 on JSTOR

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Journal Information Diplomatic History is the official journal of Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR). The journal appeals to readers from a wide variety of disciplines, including American studies, international economics, American history, national security studies, and Latin-American, Asian, African, European, and Middle Eastern studies.

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"the U.S. government tried to obtain agreement from its English and French partners to set forth preconditions for calling a quadripartite conference that would be clearly unacceptable to the Soviet Union and, consequently, would make the organization of negotiations impossible." (Ivan)

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Ulbritcht was to harsh in the people of West Germany and did not decrease the work quotas.  

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Ulbritcht was to harsh in the people of West Germany and did not decrease the work quotas.  

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From the 20th Century Almanac Documentary it describes how Ulbricht with the death of Stalin did not decrease the labor of the East German workers which made him extremely unpopular and was a cause of the revolts.  The Soviet leaders did not discourage the actions of Ulbricht which turned more people against the Soviet Union and against East Germany.

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1953: Stones Against Tanks - Upheaval in East Germany

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"If the Soviets had not intervened, it would undoubtedly have meant the collapse of the Communist regime in East Germany" (Ingimundarson 388).
Photo of striking workers in East Berlin (from akg-images / Universal Images Group)

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Eisenhower publicly announced that a unified Germany was necessary to end the separation between the Soviet bloc and Western bloc.

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Eisenhower publicly announced that a unified Germany was necessary to end the separation between the Soviet bloc and Western bloc.

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"This community would include a free and united Germany, with a government based upon free and secret elections. This free community and the full independence of East European nations could mean the end of the present unnatural division of Europe."

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It was unlikely that workers rose up against the worker's state, and that Germans opposed authority in the first place. It was also unlikely that only East Germans causes destruction on this large of a scale

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East Berliners Riot Against Soviet Occupation 1953

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The West sent people to further provoke the strikes

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The West sent people to further provoke the strikes

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"'The people there were definitely 'eight penny' boys from West Berlin. You gave them eight pennies and tell them to go and pick up trouble'" (Applebaum 441)

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Broadcasting the planned strike spread the word of unrest and ideas to protest, and likely made people assume the West would intervene

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The planned strike was publicized on the radio

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The planned strike was publicized on the radio

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"He had agreed to broadcast the strikers' demands[...]and he had continued to do so until the radio's American controller, Gordon Ewing, burst into his office and told him to stop. 'Do you want to start World War Three?' Ewing told Bahr that American responsibility and American security guarantees ended at the border, and he'd better be clear about that in his broadcasts" (Applebaum 439)

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Those fleeing to the West are unwilling to take part in the communist society that the former government made too harsh

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Western Germany offers opportunity to live under. more caring, less harsh government

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"On June 23, 1953, Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer shook hands with a man in the Elisabeth Hospital not far from Potsdamer Platz in the British sector of Berlin, who had been injured in the GDR popular uprising on June 17, 1953 in East Berlin. After strikes in East Berlin, there was a popular uprising on June 17, 1953, which was suppressed by Soviet troops. (Photo by Bratke / picture alliance via Getty Images)"

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People in the GDR are moving to Western Germany

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People in the GDR are moving to Western Germany

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"More than 16000 people had moved from East to West Germany in 1952, and a further 120,000 had left in the first four months of 1953. One report warned of 'growing unrest among the [East German] population stemming from the hard-line policies of the GDR'" (Applebaum 436)