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First Human Inhabitants: Native American Tribes of the Shoshone linguistic group:

Tongva (Gabrielino)

Acjachemen (Juaneno)

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Europeans explore other parts of the world.

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Russia began to explore the California coast. New leaders in Spain also began to think that parts of North America would earn them money. Spain decided it needed to build settlements in California.

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First European Inhabitants: Gaspar de Portola commanded the first expedition into the unmapped region of Alta California, accompanied by Father Serra.

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Trabuco and Santiago Canyon receive their names from soldiers of the Portola Expedition.

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The Kumeyaay people's home and lives are affected when Father Junipero Serra founds California's first mission, San Diego de Alcalá.

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The Acjachemen (or Juaneño) native people's home and lives are affected when Father Junipero Serra founds Mission San Juan Capistrano.

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The Tongva (or Gabrielino) native people's home and lives are affected when Father Junipero Serra founds Mission San Gabriel Arcángel.

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The Payómkawichum (or Luiseño) native people's home and lives are affected when Father Fermín Lasuén founds Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.

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The Spanish missionaries continue establishing missions along the coast of California on land inhabited by indigenous tribes.

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Jose Antonio Yorba, a member of the de Portola expedition, returned to Santa Ana and set up the first rancho near today's Yorba Linda.

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Some people who lived in the part of New Spain that is now Mexico were unhappy with Spanish rule. In 1821, they fought to be free from Spain. They won. When Mexico became a new country, California became part of Mexico. It was no longer New Spain.

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Jedediah Smith, Kit Carson, and other mountain men began expeditions into Southern California. During that time, they were illegally entering Mexican Territory.

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William Wolfskill and a band of trappers massacre the Indians in Black Star Canyon.

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From the 1830s to the 1840s, mission lands were divided up into large ranches. These ranches were called ranchos. Rather than belonging to the church or a country, the land became private property. People owned the land. People drew maps of their land. These maps were called diseños. The diseños included landmarks, such as rivers, hills, and forests.

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Old Saddleback receives it's historic names.

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In the years after Mexico's independence from Spain, the United States and Mexico had disputes over the land. Soon the two nations were at war. By 1848, the United States won the Mexican-American War.

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The United States' victory over Mexico gave the United States large stretches of Mexican land, including California. In 1850, California joined the United States as the 31st state.

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German settlers George Hansen and Charles Kohler settle the Anaheim area and grow grapes and other crops.

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The last herds of pronghorn antelope roamed the plains of Orange County .

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Wolves disappeared from the foothills and the Santa Ana Mountains.

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Silver was discovered by Hank Smith and William Curry while hunting in Silverado which became a mining town one year later.

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Coal is discovered and the Blackstar Canyon was named after the Blackstar mining Company.

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Orange County is legally separated from Los Angeles County taking its name after the abundant Orange Groves.

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President Benjamin Harrison set aside the 50,000 acre Trabuco Canyon Forest Reserve to protect the water supply for Orange County.

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The Trabuco Reserve was more than doubled, in response to a petition sent to the General Land Office by residents near Trabuco Canyon.

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The last grizzly bear in California was shot by Andrew Joplin and Ed Adkinson in Holy Jim Canyon.

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President Theodore Roosevelt doubles the Trabuco Canyon Reserve and renames it the Cleveland National Forest.

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The Valencia orange becomes Orange County's biggest export, exporting over 1/6th of the nation's total Valencia orange production.

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The last of the California Condors are killed off by settlers and ranchers.

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The Irvine Ranch Company gives the largest land donation to the OC Parks in the country's history, more than doubling its size.

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Santiago Elementary reopens as Santiago STEAM Magnet Elementary School.

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Santiago STEAM Magnet School honored as a California and U.S Green Ribbon School