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The sponge tool in Photoshop works on color saturation. It can either saturate a color or desaturate a color. This means by using the sponge tool, we can either increase the color intensity of some pixels or decrease the color intensity of some pixels.

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The Smudge tool simulates a brush smearing wet paint. The brush picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you swipe or nudge it. Use the Smudge tool to gently reshape important edges into more appealing and softer lines. In the Photoshop toolbox, the Smudge tool is a pointing-finger icon.

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The Crop tool removes the part of an image surrounding the selection. Crop to remove distractive background elements and create a focus on your desired object in the image. When you crop an image, by default, the resolution remains the same as the original image.

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When used with its Straighten option, the Ruler tool squares off a crooked image based on a line you drag and also crops the image to remove any blank canvas areas that result around its borders.

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The paint bucket tool, as the name suggests is used to paint a selected area or white area with a color or pattern with a similar color or is used to paint an uncolored area with a color or pattern.

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The Horizontal Type tool allows you to add horizontal text to your images. Select the Horizontal Type tool (T) . Use the Options bar to customize tool settings, like Font Style, Font Size, and, Text Color, to get the effect you want.

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The Hand tool allows you to move your image while you're zoomed in to more than 100% and part of the image is out of view. Select the Hand tool (H) from the tool bar or press and hold the spacebar key to temporarily switch to the Hand tool.

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Select the Move tool (V) .

Use the Options bar to customize tool settings, like Alignment and Distribution, to get the effect you want.

Click on an element—like a layer, selection or artboard—to move it.

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Press and hold the Alt key on a PC (or Option key if you're on a Mac) on the keyboard, and then spin the scroll wheel to zoom in or out.

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The Brush Tool is a primary painting tool. ...

The Brush Tool works by adding a shaped mark on a layer, and if you continue pressing the mouse button or the pen on a tablet, several marks will be added, creating a stroke, until you release the pressure.

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In a previous tutorial, we learned how Photoshop's Rectangular Marquee Tool allows us to quickly and easily select objects or areas in a photo based on simple rectangular or square shapes. The Elliptical Marquee Tool, which is what we'll be looking at here, is another of Photoshop's basic selection tools.

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The Quick Selection tool allows you to quickly and easily select one area or section of an image.

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Description. The Polygonal Lasso Tool creates selections with straight edges. It is perfect for selecting objects like buildings and products.

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What Is the Magic Wand Tool? The Photoshop Magic Wand Tool is a quick and easy way to select and mask certain portions of an image, giving you the ability to alter one part of your image while leaving other parts intact.

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The Lasso Tool is the most basic version you can use. By clicking on a starting point in your canvas, simply drag your cursor around your object to create a path. The Lasso Tool will follow your mouse's exact movements all the way back around to the starting point.

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Spot Healing Brush tool is used to remove blemishes, marks and small objects from an image. Healing Brush tool is used to repair any imperfection in an image by painting with a sample or pattern.

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The spot healing brush is the default healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area. The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint.

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A clone tool is a function in many graphics programs, including Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, Inkscape, GIMP and others that allows users to replace one part of an image with another. It is also known as a rubber stamp or clone brush because the icon in the toolbar often resembles a rubber stamp.

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What exactly is the Patch Tool for? The Patch Tool is part of the healing brush set of tools. These are the go-to tools for retouching and repairing your images. The Patch Tool is primarily used to repair larger areas of an image, or get rid of any distractions or blemishes.

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Move Tool. The move tool allows you to move objects. You can select layers with it, so if each of your objects is on a separate layer, this tool will move those objects just by clicking on them and dragging.

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Contrast is the degree of difference between the tones and colors in a photo. You can think of it as the ratio of tones, or the ratio between the light and dark areas of an image.

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Vibrance allows photographers to increase the intensity of muted colors while leaving saturated colors untouched. As a result, images appear much more natural and even.

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For scientists, hue refers to a specific waveband in the visible spectrum. Everyday photographers generally think of hue as referring simply to a specific colour. Saturation (or 'chroma') defines the intensity of a hue. Vivid primary colours are highly saturated, while pastel colours are unsaturated.

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In photography and image processing, color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors (typically red, green, and blue primary colors). An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly.

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Saturation describes the intensity of the color. And lightness refers to how light or dark the color is. A grayscale or black-and-white photo has no color saturation, while a full-color photo of a field of sunlit wildflowers might be extremely saturated.

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A full-frame camera is a camera with a full-frame sensor. This is an image sensor that's the same size as the sensor of an analog camera. The biggest advantage of a full-frame camera is that it has no crop factor. Crop factor means that the image is cut out because the sensor is too small to capture the entire image.

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Crop factor is the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame. Use it to calculate effective focal lengths and compare lenses between DSLRs. Crop factor is a term that describes the difference between your camera's sensor size and a traditional 35mm film frame.

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What is a layer masking? Layer masking is a reversible way to hide part of a layer. This gives you more editing flexibility than permanently erasing or deleting part of a layer. Layer masking is useful for making image composites, cutting out objects for use in other documents, and limiting edits to part of a layer

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Post-processing is the use of any technique or technology to enhance the original image captured by the photographer. An old post-processing technique was airbrushing, which was done to remove or soften something in the original image.

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Thumbnail is a term used by graphic designers and photographers for a small image representation of a larger image, usually intended to make it easier and faster to look at or manage a group of larger images.

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Metadata

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DSLR is a term that's become synonymous with digital cameras, but a digital single-lens reflex camera (notable for allowing interchangeable lenses on the same camera body) is just one type of digital camera. Explore more about what makes DSLR cameras so popular and find out if they're the right choice for you.

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A macro lens is a special type of camera lens that has the ability to work with very short focusing distances, taking sharp images of very small subjects. A true macro lens has a magnification ratio of 1:1 (or greater), and a minimum focussing distance of around 30cm.

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When we talk about blue hour photography, we refer to pictures taken during a specific window of time that generally happens twice a day (well, apart a bunch of exceptions) – specifically when the sun still needs to rise in the morning and right after it has set in the evening.

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What is golden hour? The last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise are coveted by professional photographers. Referred to as “the golden hour” or “magic hour,” these times provide the perfect light to capture stunning photos.

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A triadic color scheme uses three colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel. For example, the three primary colors form a triadic color scheme: red, yellow, and blue. ... You can use all three colors in a photo but also a combination of two will work. The difficult part is to find them when photographing.

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Double exposure photography is a technique that layers two different exposures on a single image, combining two photographs into one. Double exposure creates a surreal feeling for your photos and the two photographs can work together to convey deep meaning or symbolism.

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In photography, HDR stands for high dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the range of the lightest tones to the darkest tones within a photo. ... Cameras have a shorter dynamic range, meaning they catch fewer details than our eyes.

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A proprietary digital camera format that contains all the pixel information captured by the camera's sensors. RAW formats give the photographer complete flexibility and artistic control to create the best result.

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PNG stands for “Portable Graphics Format”. It is the most frequently used uncompressed raster image format on the internet. ... PNG file format is an open format with no copyright limitations. Like GIF images, PNG also have the ability to display transparent backgrounds.

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PSD (Photoshop Document) is an image file format native to Adobe's popular Photoshop Application. It's an image editing friendly format that supports multiple image layers and various imaging options. PSD files are commonly used for containing high quality graphics data.

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(Joint Photographic Experts Group) An ISO/ITU standard for compressing still images. Pronounced "jay-peg," the JPEG format is very popular due to its variable compression range. JPEGs are saved on a sliding resolution scale based on the quality desired.

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Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing digital images. An image file format may store data in an uncompressed format, a compressed format (which may be lossless or lossy), or a vector format. ... Each pixel has a number of bits to designate its color (and in some formats, its transparency).

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SOOC. Straight out of camera. Images as shot out of camera; implied is no post processing, slang in photography groups.

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DPI refers to the number of printed dots contained within one inch of an image printed by a printer. PPI refers to the number of pixels contained within one inch of an image displayed on a computer monitor.

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Image resolution is the detail an image holds. The term applies to digital images, film images, and other types of images. Higher resolution means more image detail. Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved.

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Aspect ratio is something that many photographers are taught about, but not many can actually figure out how to put it into words. The aspect ratio describes the relationship between your pictures and height with two numbers separated by a colon.

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The word Crop can be defined as “to trim” or “cut back”. The Crop tool in most image processing programs is used to trim off the outside edges of a digital image. ... Photographers have historically cropped images to direct the viewer's eye to a particular subset of a larger image.

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The options bar is used to choose settings for each tool (e.g., opacity, fade distance, blending mode). Options on the bar change depending on which tool is currently chosen, and your choices will remain in effect until you change them.

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One of the basic elements of Adobe Photoshop is the menu bar, located at the very top of the program. The menu bar is used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more. ... Each of those main menus has additional submenus for related options

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Palettes [shown right] are groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image. Photoshop contains over two dozen palettes that can be shown or hidden by using the Window menu and selecting the palette you wish to reveal

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The toolbar is where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with. There are tools for making selections, for cropping and retouching images, for adding shapes and type, and many more!

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A workspace is a preset layout for the various elements that make up Photoshop's interface. Workspaces determine which of Photoshop's panels are displayed on your screen and how those panels are arranged. A workspace can also change which tools are available in the Toolbar and how the Toolbar is organized.

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In simpler language, white balance in digital photography means adjusting colors so that the image looks more natural. We go through the process of adjusting colors to primarily get rid of color casts, in order to try to resemble the colors in our images with reality.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker. ... Exposure is a matter of personal preference, and an exposure brighter or darker than that selected by the camera may sometimes better reflect the photographer's intent.

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More specifically, it's the amount of light that reaches the film or camera sensor when a picture is being taken. The more you expose the film or camera sensor to light, the lighter your photo will be.

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Bracketing is a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings. This gives the photographer multiple variations of the same image to choose from or combine to ensure that they get the perfect shot.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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“Sepia photography is similar to black-and-white photography in that it's monochromatic, meaning one tone or one color. But it's more brown or tan,” says photographer Ellen Fisch.

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What is a vignette in photography? A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos. It can be an intentional effect to highlight certain aspects of the image or as a result of using the wrong settings, equipment or lens when taking a photo.

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A shadow is the result of the relationship between the subject's location and the direction of the light source. With front light, the shadow falls behind the subject. ... The introduction of a shadow into the image immediately adds a dimension of creativity and makes the photo more graphic

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas. Dynamic range is the ratio between those vivid highlights and dark shadows, from bright white to pure black. That range is key to an image's depth and drama. If a photo has poor dynamic range, the image can appear flat or gray.

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Midtones. A mid-tone is precisely that – all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones. Most of the time our camera meter will attempt to expose for this average brightness when in 'Automatic Mode.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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Center weighted metering is a camera metering mode. ... For example, if you are shooting a natural light portrait and have placed your subject in the center of the frame, the camera will determine the correct exposure for their face while placing a significantly lesser importance on the background.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject. When the background is brighter than the subject due to reasons like back lighting, this metering mode is particularly useful. It is useful for back-lit shots or tiny subjects.

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline. With the face properly exposed, the area around the back and hairline will become over-exposed

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18% grey comes from the world of print,m and is based on reflection. An 18% grey card reflects back 18% of the light that hits it. And it is actually the geometric mean between white paper (95% reflective) and black ink (3.5% reflective). But capturing light is different to print.

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Open the camera app, press and keep holding the shutter button. -- This automatically activates the Burst Mode and clicks multiple photos until you release the button. -- You will also hear the shutter sound of the multiple frames that the camera is taking.

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What is panning photography? Panning photography freezes objects in motion in a still frame. Explore ways to pan your camera, what shutter speed to use, and other ways to add action to your shots.

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Light painting is a photographic technique where light is “painted” or “drawn” into the photograph using a hand held light source during a long exposure.

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What Is Time-Lapse Photography? Time-lapse photography is a cinematography technique in which a photographer will take a series of still images of the same frame at regular intervals over a period of time, then play through the entire sequence rapidly.

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Long exposure photography is a photographic technique that uses a slow shutter speed to flood a camera's image sensor with light. Most photography styles use a rapid shutter speed, but long exposure images require the shutter to remain open for one second or longer.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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What Is a Monopod? Both a tripod and monopod are accessories designed to support a camera — where the two differ are the legs. A tripod has three legs (that's the “tri”). A monopod is a camera support that has one leg (that's the “mono”). Much of the rest of the design is similar across both accessories.

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What Is Motion Blur? In photography, motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect. It's a great technique for capturing movement in a still image, and is often used in both nature photography and sports photography.Aug 25, 2021

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Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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Shutter speed is exactly what it sounds like: It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.

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The "program" in Program mode refers to the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure.

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Shutter priority (usually denoted as S on the mode dial), also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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What is Aperture Priority Mode? The Aperture Priority shooting mode allows you to take control of the aperture, whereas the shutter speed and ISO (if you are set on Auto-ISO) are still controlled by your camera. This means that you can adjust the amount of light entering into the camera through the lens.

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As the name suggests, “Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls.

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Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot.

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In digital photographs, the term noise refers to a certain type of visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photographs, but can also look like splotches of discoloration when it's really bad, and can ruin a photograph

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion. These light-sensitive silver halides change into pure metallic silver when exposed to light, which is how an image is captured on film. So, grain is an inherent part of a film image.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device. The first digital cameras used charge-coupled devices, facilitating movement of the electrical charge through the device so it could be modulated

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.

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Bokeh effect is a popular photographic technique which uses blur to focus the viewer's attention on a specific area of an image.

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Depth of field refers to how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject that is focused upon. “More” depth of field means that more is in focus. “Shallow” depth of field means that very little is in focus other than the subject. The photographer focuses specifically on one object or part of an object.

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Focal length, usually represented in millimeters (mm), is the basic description of a photographic lens. ... Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be.

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F-stop is the term used to denote aperture measurements on your camera. The aperture controls the amount of light that enters the camera lens, and it's measured in f-stops.

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What is aperture in photography? Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. ... Lower f/stops give more exposure because they represent the larger apertures, while the higher f/stops give less exposure because they represent smaller apertures.

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Pincushion distortion is the exact opposite of barrel distortion – straight lines are curved outwards from the center. This type of distortion is commonly seen on telephoto lenses, and it occurs due to image magnification increasing towards the edges of the frame from the optical axis.

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel). A good way to check for barrel distortion is to look for parallel lines in the area you are shooting and see if the lines appear parallel in your image.

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Orthographic projection, common method of representing three-dimensional objects, usually by three two-dimensional drawings in each of which the object is viewed along parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.

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What is a triptych? It's a type of three-fold art that is typically hinged together as carved panels side by side. ... Triptych photography might involve taking one picture and splitting it into three different parts or shooting three separate photos that are related.

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The diptych—two images combined into a single frame or presented together—originated in art as a drawing or painting in two parts. ... In photography, the diptych has become a popular format where pairs of portraits, images or themed pictures are used together to complement one another

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings. That includes your subject, for example, along with other noteworthy areas of detail. Negative space is just the opposite — parts of an image that don't attract as much attention, surrounding the positive space and giving it a buffer.

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Negative space photography is the area surrounding the main subject in a photo that is left unoccupied. Put simply, it is the space around the object itself that helps define the positive space (or main focus).