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Books
Exceptional Lives, Practice, progress & Dignity in Today's Schools 9th Edition

Websites

http://www.handsonhealth-sc.org/

https://www.justiceworksyouthcare.com/

https://www.naset.org/index.php?id=emotionaldisturbance2

https://www.ffcmh.org/resources

https://www.ccsdschools.com/

http://www.chcs.org/media/CMCUeducationalbooklet572010pdf.pdf

https://community.cec.sped.org/ccbd/about/ebddefintion

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No one knows the actual cause or causes of emotional disturbance, although several factors—heredity, brain disorder, diet, stress, and family functioning—have been suggested and vigorously researched. A great deal of research goes on every day, but to date, researchers have not found that any of these factors are the direct cause of behavioral or emotional problems.

According to NAMI, mental illnesses can affect persons of any age, race, religion, or income. Further:

Mental illnesses are not the result of personal weakness, lack of character, or poor upbringing. Mental illnesses are treatable. Most people diagnosed with a serious mental illness can experience relief from their symptoms by actively participating in an individual treatment plan.

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What is the Local School District doing for Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 

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What is the Local School District doing for Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 

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Charleston County Schools Provide Parents with the option of attending alternative schooling (Daniel Jenkins 8th-12th grade and Liberty Hill  that  offers:

General Education, Inclusion, Resource & Self Contained classes

Career Exploration opportunities and credentials

Academic Interventions in Reading and Math

Counseling Services: Group and Individual

Anger Management

Conflict Resolution

Drug and Alcohol

Grief

Self-esteem

On-site Mental Health Counselor

On-site Psychologist

On-site Social Worker

On-site School Resource Officer (SRO)

Community Service Opportunities

School-based level system to promote positive behavior, better academics, and good attendance

There is also Mental Health Counselors at elementary through high schools where students can receive therapeutic sessions throughout the school day depending on their needs.

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National Association of Special Education Teachers 

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National Association of Special Education Teachers 

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The National Association of Special Education Teachers  provides teachers with a list of resources that includes:
Accommodations/Modifications, Advocacy Information, Assessments, Information on Assistive Technology, Cause and Characteristics, Classroom Management, Perverlance and Transition Services.

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Some of these files may require Adobe Reader for PDF files. These files are noted as PDF at the end of the site explanation. If you do not have Adobe Reader you can download it for free.

Chartbook on Mental Health and Disability: The Chartbook on Mental Health and Disability in the United States is an online reference manual on disability and mental health in the United States, created for both non-technical and technical audiences. The book is a resource for agencies, employers, organizations, policymakers, researchers and others concerned with the relationship between mental health and disability. An excellent source for information and statistics on adults with emotional disabilities.

Specific Conditions (Anxiety Disorders)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) - Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD, is an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.

Panic Disorder: Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder and is characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder : Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. Traumatic events that may trigger PTSD include violent personal assaults, natural or human-caused disasters, accidents, or military combat.

Social Phobia - Social Phobia, or Social Anxiety Disorder, is an anxiety disorder characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social situations. Social phobia can be limited to only one type of situation such as a fear of speaking in formal or informal situations, or eating or drinking in front of others?or, in its most severe form, may be so broad that a person experiences symptoms almost anytime they are around other people.

Functional Neurologic Disorder/Conversion Disorder - Conversion disorder is a type of somatoform disorder. Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition. But a thorough medical evaluation doesn't reveal any underlying medical cause for the physical symptoms (Mayo Clinic).

Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

Treatment of Anxiety Disorders - Effective treatments for each of the anxiety disorders have been developed through research. In general, two types of treatment are available for an anxiety disorder-medication and specific types of psychotherapy (sometimes called "talk therapy"). Both approaches can be effective for most disorders.

Anxiety Disorders: The Role of Psychotherapy in Effective Treatment - An article by the American Psychological Association.

Medications - A very detailed summary that describes mental disorders and the medications for treating them -- includes a comprehensive list of medications.

Coping (Anxiety Disorders)

Organizations (Anxiety Disorders)

Children and Anxiety Disorders

Teenagers and Anxiety Disorders

All about Anxiety (Nemours Foundation) - Anxiety is a natural part of life, and most of us experience it from time to time. The word "anxiety" usually refers to worry, concern, stress, or nervousness. For most teens, anxiety is limited to particular situations such as tests, important dates (like the prom), or driving lessons. This article is written with teens in mind as the target audience.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder - To your dismay, your daughter has started to complain more and more about the appearance of her eyelids. She grudgingly compares them to those of her classmates. You frequently catch her standing before a mirror, scrutinizing their appearance. When you try to discuss your concerns, she becomes defensive. To make matters worse, you've observed her reading materials about cosmetic surgery.

Why functional assessment of behavior is important: Educators have long understood that behavior difficulties can keep students from functioning productively in class. Many school personnel have been considering the effects of behavior on learning for some time. The 1997 Amendments to the IDEA take that consideration one step further: the relationship between behavior and learning must not only be considered but acted upon.

Behavioral recording : Another method of evaluating a student's behavior that provides you with a very precise picture of its severity is behavioral recording. The professional or aide observes the student directly and records how long or how often a certain behavior occurs. Using this method, you can compare the degree of occurrence of the behavior with the degree to which it is exhibited by other students.

Conducting a functional behavioral assessment: Identifying the underlying causes of behavior may take many forms; and, while the Amendments to IDEA advise a functional behavioral assessment approach (which could determine specific contributors to behavior), they do not require or suggest specific techniques or strategies to use when assessing that behavior. While there are a variety of techniques available to conduct a functional behavioral assessment, the first step in the process is to define the behavior in concrete terms. In the following section we will discuss techniques to define behavior.

Sociograms : A sociogram is a professional-made device that is used to provide additional information regarding a student and how s/he interacts with peers. It is a valuable tool for determining how a student is viewed by his/her classmates. Students respond to a professional-provided direction such as "List the two classmates with whom you would most like to sit", "Write the name of the person with whom you would enjoy working on a project.", "If you were going on a vacation, which of your classmates would be nice to have along, and why?"

Manifestation determination: It is a process conducted by the IEP team (along with other necessary qualified personnel) to investigate whether there is a relationship between the student's action(s) of concern and his/her disability. The team must decide whether the student's action(s) were a reflection of his/her disability or perhaps the result of it.

Overview-Bipolar Disorder

Diagnosis/Symptoms-Bipolar Disorder

Treatment-Bipolar Disorder

Prevention/Screening-Bipolar Disorder

Coping-Bipolar Disorder

Directories

Organizations-Bipolar Disorder

Children and Bipolar Disorder

Teenagers and Bipolar Disorder

Your guide to causes of mental illness: Although the exact cause of most mental illnesses is not known, it is becoming clear through research that many of these conditions are caused by a combination of biological, psychological and environmental factors.

Behavior management checklist - Research shows that while a punitive, coercive approach toward behavior management may gain superficial compliance, students feel alienated from those teachers (and school in general), lose motivation to achieve, and resist changing the undesirable behavior.

Managing group behavior - Use these suggestions as a checklist to determine your skill in managing the behavior of groups of students.

Helping kids develop self management - These simple techniques (so simple that a lot of teachers don't believe that they'll work until they give them a try) are nice things to try before going to your penalties for non-compliance and misbehavior.

Addressing skill deficits - If the student does not know what the behavioral expectations are, the plan can be formulated to teach expectations, and would include the supports, aids, strategies, and modifications necessary to accomplish this instruction, with expectations explained in concrete terms.

Giving and getting respect - When students feel valued, respected and welcomed in their classroom, they are more likely to behave better and demonstrate respect toward you. Here are a few tips for creating the optimal classroom environment.

Token economies - A token economy involves awarding tokens, chips, stickers, check marks, points, or other items/markings to students who demonstrate desired behaviors identified by the teacher.

Addressing performance deficits - If a functional behavioral assessment reveals that the student knows the skills necessary to perform the behavior, but does not consistently use them, the intervention plan may include techniques, strategies, and supports designed to increase motivation to perform the skills.

Primer on behavior management - how well you manage student behavior is crucial to your success as a teacher. The behavior that is exhibited in your classroom affects how administrators, colleagues, kids, parents, and YOU view your competence as a teacher.

Primer for beginning professionals - Our first year of teaching has a tremendous impact on our personal and professional life. A positive experience leads to a long and rewarding career. A negative one promotes feelings of frustration, embarrassment, and isolation. The greatest threat to a long and successful teaching career is student misbehavior. Teachers report it to be their primary source of career-based stress, and former teachers report it to be the number one reason that they left the field. Nationally, over 1/5 of new teachers leave the profession in the first three years (the rate is higher in low income urban areas).

Ways to catch kids being good - The most effective behavior management technique is the easiest to implement..."catching 'em being good". Research shows us that the quickest and most effective way to promote the display of appropriate behaviors is to reward them (e.g., touch, a smile, a "thank you", praise, points, food,...whatever would be reinforcing to those youngsters). We all like to have our efforts acknowledged, and will show more of that behavior if it brings us rewards.

How your teaching style affects the managing of behavior - A great deal of misbehavior occurs because the students are not interested in the lesson. Kids who are bored will create their own entertainment. Here are some ways to engage youngsters in your lessons.

Promoting positive peer pressure - This page contains ideas that bring about cooperation on the part of your class and promote "positive peer pressure" (students motivating others to behave appropriately).

Assertive discipline - Lee and Marlene Canter, when consulting for school systems, found that many teachers were unable to control undesirable behavior that occurred in their classrooms. The Cantors, rightfully so, attributed this to a lack of training in the area of behavior management. Based on their research and the foundations of assertiveness training and applied behavior analysis, they developed a common sense, easy-to-learn approach to help teachers become the captains of their classrooms and positively influence their students' behavior. Today, it is the most widely used "canned" (prepared/packaged) behavior management program. Assertive discipline has evolved since the mid 70's from an authoritarian approach to one that is more democratic and cooperative.

Cooperative learning - Cooperative learning is not having students merely sitting together, helping the others do their work. Having students who finish their work first assist others is also not a form of cooperative learning either. Neither is assigning a group of students to work together without assuring that all contribute to the product.

Differential reinforcement procedures - DR interventions are structured versions of "catching 'em being good". Instead of punishing the "bad behavior" to decrease it's occurrence, you get rid of it by using positive reinforcement in a structured manner.

Schedules of reinforcement - Given the precise and structured nature of the procedures of applied behavior analysis, you can be sure that any self-respecting behaviorist would make sure to "catch kids being good" only under certain circumstances (like in the Differential Reinforcement procedures) and on a particular schedule. By implementing a certain schedule when first building a behavior, and later changing to other schedules, you can promote stronger, more ingrained versions of appropriate behavior while "weaning" kids from rewards. Here, you'll find information on the different schedules and when you might make use of them.

Shaping - The practice of shaping (also known as "successive approximation") is not, in and of itself, a method for managing inappropriate behavior. Instead, it is a method that assists you in setting goals for the behavior of a certain student. Shaping will provide guidance and direction for your behavior change program, and will help you assess its effectiveness. It can assist you in changing an aberrant behavior or creating an appropriate behavior that is not yet in the student's repertoire.

Task analysis - Many of the day-to-day behaviors in which we engage without even thinking about them are really quite complex, comprised of many smaller, discrete, singular, specific sub-behaviors that we perform in a certain order.

Time out - An intervention in which you remove a misbehaving youngster from a situation or environment that is reinforcing the inappropriate behavior.

The really big list of classroom management resources - A collection of classroom management and discipline websites from Edutopia.

Council for children with behavior disorders - The Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders (CCBD) is the official division of the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) committed to promoting and facilitating the education and general welfare of children and youth with emotional or behavioral disorders.

Definition of emotional disturbance - Many terms are used to describe emotional, behavioral or mental disorders. Currently, students with such disorders are categorized as having a serious emotional disturbance, which is defined under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act as described here.

Overview

Depression: A Treatable Illness - A fact sheet that describes the symptoms and types of depression and effective treatments.

Overview of Depression - An overview of depression from the National Institute of Mental Health

Depression (National Institute of Mental Health) - Clinical depression is very treatable, with more than 80% of those who seek treatment showing improvement. The most commonly used treatments are antidepressant medication, psychotherapy or a combination of the two. The choice of treatment depends on the pattern, severity, persistence of depressive symptoms and the history of the illness...

JAMA Patient Page: Depression (American Medical Association) - A person who feels sad all the time, has unexplained crying spells or loses interest in usual activities may have major depression, a serious medical illness that should be distinguished from normal temporary feelings of sadness after a loss, such as the death of a relative or friend.

Diagnosis/Symptoms-Depression

Treatment-Depression

Alternative Therapy-Depression

Research on Adolescence and Depression-Depression

Organizations Involved With Depression

Children and Depression

Childhood anxiety disorders - PDF file. After attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional-defiant disorder, the anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric illnesses in children and adolescents. As many as 3-5% of children suffer from anxiety disorders, not counting obsessive-compulsive disorder which affects another 0.5-1.0% of children.

Dual Diagnosis and Treatment for Co-occurring Disorders - A dual diagnosis occurs when an individual is affected by both chemical dependency and psychiatric/emotional illness. Both illnesses may affect a person physically, socially, psychologically, and spiritually. Each illness has symptoms that interfere with a person's ability to function effectively.

The History of Mental Health Care: What is striking in looking at the history of mental health care is that at periods through the centuries, indeed through the millennia, there has been an accepted way of dealing with people with mental health problems, conventional for the time, that, however well-intentioned, has more often than not been inhumane, punitive, and largely unsuccessful, while alongside the orthodox practitioners there have been others with more enlightened approaches, attempting to do things differently.

History of modern mental health policy: An excellent history of mental health policy in the United States in the first half of the 20th century.

History of Occupational Therapy in mental health: The history of Occupational Therapy (OT) had it's origin in the 1700's during Europe's "Age of Enlightenment". At this time, radical new ideas were emerging for the infirm and mentally ill.

Mental Health Medications - This chart lists the common medications used with children and adolescence with emotional issues. It provides the brand names, generic names and approved ages for the medications.

Children and medications - One in ten of America's children has an emotional disturbance such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression or anxiety, that can cause unhappiness for the child and problems at home, at play, and at school. Many of these children will be taken by their parents to their family physician or pediatrician, or, in many cases, a specialist in child mental health. The child will be carefully evaluated and may begin some type of therapy.

Psychopharmacologic Medication: What Teachers, Clinicians, and Parents Need to Know - "The use of psychopharmacology in treating children and adolescents with a variety of problems and psychiatric diagnoses has increased significantly in the 1990s (Campbell & Cueva, 1995). For example, Safer (1995) found that the use of stimulants has increased dramatically between 1990 and 1995. This increase is attributed in particular to the expansion of the definition of attention-deficit disorder in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV; 1994) to include individuals without impulsivity or hyperactivity."

Alcohol and Drug Abuse Statistics - People often self-medicate with alcohol and drugs, and "According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 19.7 million American adults (aged 12 and older) battled a substance use disorder in 2017.1"

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National Association of Special Education Teachers: Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

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Some of these files may require Adobe Reader for PDF files. These files are noted as PDF at the end of the site explanation. If you do not have Adobe Reader you can download it for free.

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Justice Works Behavioral Care - Justice Works provides several services to families of children who suffer from behavioral disorders. Some of the services include Individual Therapy, Family Therapy, Behavior Modification, Family Support, Medication Management, Nurturing
parenting, Service Plan Development, and Diagnostic Testing.
Justice Works Behavioral Care Headquarters  is located on
4 Carriage Lane
Suite 405
Charleston, SC 29407
Know as the West Ashley Area and the Justice Works Behavioral Care Clinic is located at
2154 N Center Street
Suite 402
North Charleston, SC 29506

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JusticeWorks Family of Services | Child Welfare, Child Social Services, Family Social Services, Juvenile Court System Services

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JusticeWorks is a family and child social services company providing child welfare services and serving youth in the Juvenile Court System. Our fundamental value is KidsFirst! We combine a passionate whatever it takes philosophy with research to demonstrate positive cost-effective outcomes.

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National Federation of Families for Children's Mental Health 

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National Federation of Families for Children's Mental Health 

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The National Federation of Families for Children's Mental Health provides resources for families, care givers, and children who suffer for emotional and behavioral disorders.

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Ensuring that parents and family members, and the professionals who support them, have the right resources is crucial to the health and wellness of children and youth who have mental health and substance use challenges - and their families. We have organized the resources below based on specific topics and roles in the community to help you find the information you're looking for quickly and easily.

We also encourage you to watch the adjacent video to learn more about family peer support and to connect with our chapters and partners listed for additional information and support.

For Families, Parents, Caregivers

For Family Run Organizations

For Youth and Young Adults

For Peer Support Specialists

Advocacy, Policy and Legislation

Check Out Our Pinterest Page

Reports & Data: Coming Soon!

Our PsychHub Video Channel

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Ensuring that parents and family members, and the professionals who support them, have the right resources is crucial to the health and wellness of children and youth who have mental health and substance use challenges - and their families.

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Medications used to treat Emotional and Behavioral Disorder

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Medications used to treat Emotional and Behavioral Disorder

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Several different types of medications used to treat behavioral or emotional
disorders in children are:
Antipsychotics- used for Schizophrenia
Bipolar Disorder  Antidepressants- used for Depression
Anxiety
Mood stabilizers-
Bipolar disorder
Anti-anxiety medications (Anxiolytics)- used for Anxiety
Panic Disorder

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Treatment for Emotional and Behavioral Disorder

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Treatment for Emotional and Behavioral Disorder

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How are Emotional and Behavioral Disorders treated?

There are many different types of help for children with behavioral or emotional
disorders. Some examples are:

Cognitive therapy

Behavioral therapy

Occupational and     Physical therapy

School Programs

Parental and/or Family therapy

Group therapy

Medications sometimes called Medication Therapy

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Causes of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 

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Causes of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 

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Resources for Educators of students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 

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Resources for Educators of students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 

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Resources for Parents of children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

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Resources for Parents of children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

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What is Emotional and Behavioral Disorder?

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What is Emotional and Behavioral Disorder?

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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) uses the term emotional disturbance to refer to a condition that is (a) accompanied by one or more of the following characteristics over a long time and to a marked degree and that (b) adversely affects a child’s educational performance:

An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors

An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers

Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances

A general, pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression

A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.

Five disorders that have particular relevance in schools:

(1) Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety Disorder is characterized by excessive fear, worry, or uneasiness about the future. Some specific anxiety disorders include separation anxiety, generalized specific phobia, panic, and social

(2) Depression
Depression is characterized as symptoms of Depressed or irritable mood most of the time, loss of interest or pleasure in activity, significant weight loss when not dieting, sleeping too little or too much, slowness or agitation in movement, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt,dimensioned ability to think and make decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death.

(3) Oppositional Defiant Disorder

ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) causes a pattern of angry/irritable, mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and/or vindictiveness (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Students must have four of the following behaviors; they must exhibit these behaviors with at least one individual who is not a sibling; and they must exhibit them for at least 6 months:
Loss of temper, easily annoyed, angry and resentful, frequent arguing, noncompliant with requests from authority figures, purposefully annoying others, blaming others for mistakes/misbehavior, being vindictive.

(4) Conduct Disorder
Conduct Disorder consists of a persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that significantly interferes with others’ rights or with schools’ and communities’ behavioral expectations. There are four categories of conduct disorders:
Aggressive conduct, resulting in physical harm to people or animal, property destruction, deceitfulness or theft, serious rule violations, such as truancy and running away.

A diagnosis of conduct disorder is justified when a child or youth displays 3 of 15 criteria associated with these four categories.

(5) Schizophrenia
justified if a person experiences two or more of the following for a significant amount of time during a 1-month period: (a)  delusions  (strong and unusual beliefs that are thoughts, e.g., someone is trying to hurt me); (b) hallucinations (sensory perceptions without an environmental stimulus, e.g., hearing voices when no one is present); (c) disorganized speech (incoherent speech); (d) grossly disorganized or  catatonic behavior (e.g., behavior that lacks typical movement, activity, or expression); and (e) other negative symptoms (e.g., reduced emotional expression). At least one of the criteria must be a, b, or c, that is, delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).