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About half of our country's 1,000,000 Native Americans live on reservations in our service area, in conditions that are "four to five decades behind the majority of Americans" (Sept. 12, 2002, Rocky Mountain News).

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1.     Why is it important to tell multiple perspectives of a historical event? Discuss “hidden curriculum.”

Hidden curriculum refers to the unwritten, unofficial, and often unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school. While the formal curriculum consists of the courses, lessons, and learning activities students participate in, as well as the knowledge and skills educators intentionally teach to students, the hidden curriculum consists of the unspoken or implicit academic, social, and cultural messages that are communicated to students while they are in school. It is important to teach multiple perspectives of a historical event in order to respect all cultures, teach the whole story, and ensure that you are teaching unbiased factual information.

2.     How do you teach multiple perspectives?

In order to teach multiple perspectives, include all voices and research the topic for facts. Instead of just focusing on the dominant groups and communities look at the people and groups that are not normally heard about. A reason to do this is that it increases diversity and cultural awareness for groups of people and communities that have been ignored in traditional historical narratives.

3.     What resources do you suggest when researching missing voices in history?

When researching missing voices use multiple resources and educational libraries. Use books and resources that provide more than one perspective. You can also use videos or presentations that have been made. Of course you can use the internet but avoid sites like Wikipedia and biased websites.

4.     Advice to future teachers about how and what to teach in social studies?

Our advice for for future teachers about teaching social studies is to make social studies engaging and fun. Have students participate in history and do history not just read and fill out a worksheet. To make social studies engaging teach students what they want to learn and what they are passionate about. Use videos, charts, photos, art, flipbooks, and artifacts to teach students history. When it comes to what you teach you have to teach the standards but also teach what the students what to learn about and teach the facts and all perspectives not just the traditional narratives.

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Personal Narrative Article about a woman living on the Navajo Reservation that didn’t have water or electricity until two years ago. She grew up on the reservations and raised 8 kids without the use of running water and electricity.

http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2015/02/11/not-alone-dark-navajo-nations-lack-electricity-problem-159135

Personal Narrative about an navajo man's life story

http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/southcorner/nav_navlife.html

Personal Narrative about an orphan woman who ran to her father and his new wife. She learned to educate herself as a mean to progress in life.

http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/southcorner/nav_storyorphan.html

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http://www.navajocentral.org/faq02a.htm

http://www.nrcprograms.org/site/PageServer?pagename=nrf_livingconditions

https://www.crowcanyon.org/EducationProducts/peoples_mesa_verde/today_navajo.asp

http://www.nrcprograms.org/site/DocServer/FUNDING_FACTS.pdf?docID=1441
http://navajopeople.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Navajo-Nation-Fair-Parade.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/dshortey/7097913803
http://navajopeople.org/photos/var/albums/Navajo-Nation-Fair/Song-%26-Dance-Competition/Navajo%20Song%20and%20Dance-04.jpg?m=1364566580

http://www.gonavajo.com/

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American Indians do pay taxes, but they are Federal not State. This is because the land that they live on is trust land and is publicly owned. The tribes have a 10% percent business tax that is required for all businesses on the reservation. Tribes are not paying in enough money to the Federal Government Revenue based on taxes so they are losing funding for schools, power lines, mining, communication networks, and tourist facilities. There is a lack of public health infrastructure and services for Native Americans.  "The federal government spends half as much on health programs per tribal member as it does on health programs for other Americans," (June 23, 2002, Great Falls Tribune). Native Americans have tried to live a more Western lifestyle that is different from the more traditional way of life they lived before modern times. This change has caused a health status change creating more chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. American Indians today have the highest rates of diabetes when compared to the U.S. national average. Tuberculosis is more than 7 times higher and heart disease is their number one killer. Most Navajos have maintained their own language, customs, and religion while speaking mostly English and participating in American Economy. When it comes to the Government funded checks each month, the typical stereotype is false. Many Native Americans are veterans, disabled, or even both and receive V.A. or disability checks from the government . Some Native Americans may receive social security income from working on the railroad, as an artist, educator, tribal job, or just general labor. “Under the treaties, some government payments do get disbursed directly to the tribes. The funds are used for housing, social programs, energy assistance, health care, and other basic needs to serve their people” (National Relief Charities). The National Indian Gaming Association reports 562 tribes in the U.S. Only 223 of them have casinos, and of those, only 73 give per capita payouts. The existence of available jobs on the reservations is low, forcing unemployment of 35% to 85% (varies by reservation). At the same time, many Native Americans who do work full‐time (on or off of the reservation) still fall below poverty level. Overall life for Navajo Native Americans is difficult. They are faced with many challenges that are not brought to the attention of the National Public.

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One of the biggest misconceptions regarding life on the Navajo Nation reservation is that they are given free money from the government so they don’t have to struggle to live and that they are given free land so they don’t have to pay for land.  The second misconception about life on the reservation is that health care is paid for by the government so it must be high quality. The third biggest misconception is that the Native Americans don’t have to pay taxes. They don’t have to pay taxes but they are always taking money from the government. The last misconception is that the schools are high quality because they are given more money to run their schools than the public schools.  The last biggest misconception about life on the reservation is that everybody who lives on the reservation either owns the gambling casinos or they work at the gambling casinos.  Since gambling is legal on the reservation, they can build casinos and they get all that money from them.  The Native Americans must be wealthy since they can keep all that wealth that they generate from the casinos.