# data[].attributes.headline
                                                            History  Wrington, Somerset, 1632 - Oaks, Essex, 1704) British thinker, one of the highest representatives of English empiricism, who stood out especially for his studies of political philosophy. This multi-faceted man studied at Oxford University, where he received his doctorate in 1658. Although his specialty was medicine and relations with reputed scientists of the time (such as Isaac Newton), John Locke was also a diplomat, theologian, economist, Ancient Greek and rhetoric, and gained renown for his philosophical writings, laying the foundations of liberal political thought. Locke approached such ideas as doctor and secretary who was the Earl of Shaftesbury, leader of the Whig party, adversary of the monarchical absolutism in the England of Charles II and of James II. Converted to the defense of parliamentary power, Locke himself was persecuted and had to take refuge in Holland, where he returned after the triumph of the English "Glorious Revolution" of 1688.Locke was one of the great ideologists of the English Protestant elites who, grouped around the Whigs, came to control the state by virtue of that revolution; And, consequently, his thought has exerted a decisive influence on the political constitution of the United Kingdom until the present time. He defended religious tolerance towards all Protestant sects and even non-Christian religions; But the interested and partial character of his liberalism was made clear by excluding from the right to tolerance both atheists and Catholics (the confrontation of the latter with Protestants being the key to the religious conflicts that were bleeding to the British Isles And to Europe as a whole).In his most transcendental work, Two Essays on Civil Government (1690), he laid down the basic principles of liberal constitutionalism, postulating that every man is born endowed with natural rights that the State has as its mission to protect: fundamentally, life, freedom And property. From the thought of Thomas Hobbes, Locke supported the idea that the State was born of an original "social contract", rejecting the traditional doctrine of the divine origin of power; But, unlike Hobbes, argued that such a pact did not lead to absolute monarchy, but was revocable and could only lead to a limited government.The authority of the States resulted from the will of the citizens, who would be deprived of the duty of obedience as soon as their rulers violated those inalienable natural rights. Not only would the people have the right to change legislative power according to their criteria (idea of ​​where the practice of periodic elections in liberal states comes from), but also to overthrow rulers delegitimized by a tyrannical exercise of power In which Thomas Jefferson and the American revolutionaries would be supported to rebel against Great Britain in 1776, as well as the French revolutionaries to rise against the absolutism of Louis XVI in 1789).Locke defended the separation of powers as a way to balance them against each other and prevent any degenerate towards despotism; But because he is inclined to the supremacy of a legislative power representative of the majority, John Locke can also be considered as a theorist of democracy, towards which liberal regimes would eventually evolve. However legitimate, however, no power should exceed certain limits (hence the idea of ​​putting them in writing in a Constitution). Such ideas would inspire Anglo-Saxon liberalism (reflecting punctually in the constitutions of Britain and the United States) and, indirectly, also of the rest of the world (through French illustrators such as Montesquieu or Voltaire).Less influence had on Locke's own philosophical thinking, based on a theory of empiricist knowledge inspired by Francis Bacon and René Descartes. Like Hobbes, John Locke delved into Bacon's empiricism and rejected the Cartesian theory of innate ideas; To the refutation of such a theory he devoted the first part of his essay on human understanding (1690). According to Locke, the human mind is born tamquam tabula rasa; That is, at the moment of his birth, a child's mind is devoid of ideas: it is like a blank paper in which there is no written idea (Descartes claimed to contain innate ideas, such as the idea of ​​God).All ideas come from experience, and from experience comes all our knowledge. Experience does not only mean external experience in Locke; Just as we perceive the exterior (for example, the song of a bird), we perceive our interior (for example, that we are furious). Consequently, there are two areas of experience: the outer world, captured by sensation, and that of consciousness or interior, captured by reflection.Thus, when John Locke and the empiricists in general speak of ideas, they do not refer to ideas in the Platonic sense, nor to concepts of the intellect, but to the contents of consciousness, that is, to the imprint they have left on The same a feeling or a reflection. There are simple ideas that are acquired in the sensation (high, sweet, red) as in the reflection (pleasure, doubt, desire); And complex ideas that are formed from the simple ones, thanks to the activity of the subject. There are a variety of complex ideas, but they can be reduced to those of substance, mode and relation, which are parallel to the elements of judgment: subject, predicate, and copula; Not in vain is judgment the synthetic activity par excellence of the understanding.By sensation we do not know the substance of things, and since, according to Locke's premises, everything that reaches the understanding passes through the senses, nor can we know it by the understanding. By sensation we perceive only the qualities of things, qualities that can be primary and secondary. The primary qualities are those that refer to extension and movement with their respective properties and are captured by several senses.Secondary qualities, such as color, sound, or taste, are perceived in one sense. The primary qualities have objective and real value, that is, they exist as we perceive them, but the secondary qualities, even if they are caused by external things, are subjective because of the way we perceive them: rather than the qualities of things, they are reactions Of the subject to stimuli received from them. For Locke, the substance is not knowable, although it is possible to admit its existence as substrate or support of the primary qualities and as the cause of the secondary ones.He was the theoretician of the second English revolution or of the pact between the high nobility and the bourgeois parliamentary bloc. He presented his ideas in Letter on Tolerance and Treaty of Civil Government.Locke departed from the principles of natural law and, like Hobbes, made an abstraction considering that man lived, in a past time, in a state of nature in which there was no social or political organization. In this situation or primitive state man was governed by basic natural laws, ultimately inspired by God, which were given to him by his natural reason and are self-evident. These laws or natural rights are the right to life, freedom and property; But in this primitive society there was no one, no person, no organism, no institution to watch over its fulfillment.However, Locke's view of this state of nature and the psychology of the human species is less catastrophic, less pessimistic than in Hobbes. It is not a war of all against all. The man must watch over these rights and defend them against those who fail them, but not to be carried away by the desire for revenge, should seek a moderating power to regulate the application of natural law, deciding to live in a society politically organized by consent Of free individuals.The legitimation of power, of the State, will come exclusively because of the free consent of men. By forming a society and forming a government,they canDirectly exercising power (through a system of direct democracy), or they can choose representatives and delegate their power in a legislative body (parliament) responsible for drafting laws that guarantee the fulfillment of natural rights. But in the end, sovereignty belongs to the people, who exercise it through their representatives. Therefore, the power of absolute monarchs is not legitimate, because it violates one of the natural rights of man, the right to freedom, and because the power of monarchs is not the result of the free consent of men. Locke thus legitimized the theoretical basis of the liberal state.THE BOURGEOUS REVOLUTION AND LIBERAL THOUGHTIn the seventeenth century transcendental events occurred in England that changed the course of history in this country and exerted enormous influence in continental Europe and North America throughout the following century. It was a revolution that developed in two stages.During the first phase (1643-1648), a bloody civil war broke out in which the partisans of Parliament, coalesced with the Protestant sect of the Puritans (mainly settled in Scotland and in the north of England) and supported by the middle class Of the cities and by the bourgeoisie, they faced the supporters of the monarchist absolutism that enjoyed the support of the majority of English nobility. Its leader was Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658). The contest ended with the victory of the parliamentarians, the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of an authoritarian cut regime led by Cromwell. The English Parliament condemned the king to death and, to the astonishment of Europe, a monarch was executed in the public square.After some stormy years, which contemplated the monarchical restoration, in 1688-1689 the second English revolution took place, this time without bloodshed, in which, by decision of the House of Commons of Parliament, a political system was definitively established Based on the Parliamentary or Constitutional 

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                            History  Wrington, Somerset, 1632 - Oaks, Essex, 1704) British thinker, one of the highest representatives of English empiricism, who stood out especially for his studies of political philosophy. This multi-faceted man studied at Oxford University, where he received his doctorate in 1658. Although his specialty was medicine and relations with reputed scientists of the time (such as Isaac Newton), John Locke was also a diplomat, theologian, economist, Ancient Greek and rhetoric, and gained renown for his philosophical writings, laying the foundations of liberal political thought. Locke approached such ideas as doctor and secretary who was the Earl of Shaftesbury, leader of the Whig party, adversary of the monarchical absolutism in the England of Charles II and of James II. Converted to the defense of parliamentary power, Locke himself was persecuted and had to take refuge in Holland, where he returned after the triumph of the English "Glorious Revolution" of 1688.Locke was one of the great ideologists of the English Protestant elites who, grouped around the Whigs, came to control the state by virtue of that revolution; And, consequently, his thought has exerted a decisive influence on the political constitution of the United Kingdom until the present time. He defended religious tolerance towards all Protestant sects and even non-Christian religions; But the interested and partial character of his liberalism was made clear by excluding from the right to tolerance both atheists and Catholics (the confrontation of the latter with Protestants being the key to the religious conflicts that were bleeding to the British Isles And to Europe as a whole).In his most transcendental work, Two Essays on Civil Government (1690), he laid down the basic principles of liberal constitutionalism, postulating that every man is born endowed with natural rights that the State has as its mission to protect: fundamentally, life, freedom And property. From the thought of Thomas Hobbes, Locke supported the idea that the State was born of an original "social contract", rejecting the traditional doctrine of the divine origin of power; But, unlike Hobbes, argued that such a pact did not lead to absolute monarchy, but was revocable and could only lead to a limited government.The authority of the States resulted from the will of the citizens, who would be deprived of the duty of obedience as soon as their rulers violated those inalienable natural rights. Not only would the people have the right to change legislative power according to their criteria (idea of ​​where the practice of periodic elections in liberal states comes from), but also to overthrow rulers delegitimized by a tyrannical exercise of power In which Thomas Jefferson and the American revolutionaries would be supported to rebel against Great Britain in 1776, as well as the French revolutionaries to rise against the absolutism of Louis XVI in 1789).Locke defended the separation of powers as a way to balance them against each other and prevent any degenerate towards despotism; But because he is inclined to the supremacy of a legislative power representative of the majority, John Locke can also be considered as a theorist of democracy, towards which liberal regimes would eventually evolve. However legitimate, however, no power should exceed certain limits (hence the idea of ​​putting them in writing in a Constitution). Such ideas would inspire Anglo-Saxon liberalism (reflecting punctually in the constitutions of Britain and the United States) and, indirectly, also of the rest of the world (through French illustrators such as Montesquieu or Voltaire).Less influence had on Locke's own philosophical thinking, based on a theory of empiricist knowledge inspired by Francis Bacon and René Descartes. Like Hobbes, John Locke delved into Bacon's empiricism and rejected the Cartesian theory of innate ideas; To the refutation of such a theory he devoted the first part of his essay on human understanding (1690). According to Locke, the human mind is born tamquam tabula rasa; That is, at the moment of his birth, a child's mind is devoid of ideas: it is like a blank paper in which there is no written idea (Descartes claimed to contain innate ideas, such as the idea of ​​God).All ideas come from experience, and from experience comes all our knowledge. Experience does not only mean external experience in Locke; Just as we perceive the exterior (for example, the song of a bird), we perceive our interior (for example, that we are furious). Consequently, there are two areas of experience: the outer world, captured by sensation, and that of consciousness or interior, captured by reflection.Thus, when John Locke and the empiricists in general speak of ideas, they do not refer to ideas in the Platonic sense, nor to concepts of the intellect, but to the contents of consciousness, that is, to the imprint they have left on The same a feeling or a reflection. There are simple ideas that are acquired in the sensation (high, sweet, red) as in the reflection (pleasure, doubt, desire); And complex ideas that are formed from the simple ones, thanks to the activity of the subject. There are a variety of complex ideas, but they can be reduced to those of substance, mode and relation, which are parallel to the elements of judgment: subject, predicate, and copula; Not in vain is judgment the synthetic activity par excellence of the understanding.By sensation we do not know the substance of things, and since, according to Locke's premises, everything that reaches the understanding passes through the senses, nor can we know it by the understanding. By sensation we perceive only the qualities of things, qualities that can be primary and secondary. The primary qualities are those that refer to extension and movement with their respective properties and are captured by several senses.Secondary qualities, such as color, sound, or taste, are perceived in one sense. The primary qualities have objective and real value, that is, they exist as we perceive them, but the secondary qualities, even if they are caused by external things, are subjective because of the way we perceive them: rather than the qualities of things, they are reactions Of the subject to stimuli received from them. For Locke, the substance is not knowable, although it is possible to admit its existence as substrate or support of the primary qualities and as the cause of the secondary ones.He was the theoretician of the second English revolution or of the pact between the high nobility and the bourgeois parliamentary bloc. He presented his ideas in Letter on Tolerance and Treaty of Civil Government.Locke departed from the principles of natural law and, like Hobbes, made an abstraction considering that man lived, in a past time, in a state of nature in which there was no social or political organization. In this situation or primitive state man was governed by basic natural laws, ultimately inspired by God, which were given to him by his natural reason and are self-evident. These laws or natural rights are the right to life, freedom and property; But in this primitive society there was no one, no person, no organism, no institution to watch over its fulfillment.However, Locke's view of this state of nature and the psychology of the human species is less catastrophic, less pessimistic than in Hobbes. It is not a war of all against all. The man must watch over these rights and defend them against those who fail them, but not to be carried away by the desire for revenge, should seek a moderating power to regulate the application of natural law, deciding to live in a society politically organized by consent Of free individuals.The legitimation of power, of the State, will come exclusively because of the free consent of men. By forming a society and forming a government,they canDirectly exercising power (through a system of direct democracy), or they can choose representatives and delegate their power in a legislative body (parliament) responsible for drafting laws that guarantee the fulfillment of natural rights. But in the end, sovereignty belongs to the people, who exercise it through their representatives. Therefore, the power of absolute monarchs is not legitimate, because it violates one of the natural rights of man, the right to freedom, and because the power of monarchs is not the result of the free consent of men. Locke thus legitimized the theoretical basis of the liberal state.THE BOURGEOUS REVOLUTION AND LIBERAL THOUGHTIn the seventeenth century transcendental events occurred in England that changed the course of history in this country and exerted enormous influence in continental Europe and North America throughout the following century. It was a revolution that developed in two stages.During the first phase (1643-1648), a bloody civil war broke out in which the partisans of Parliament, coalesced with the Protestant sect of the Puritans (mainly settled in Scotland and in the north of England) and supported by the middle class Of the cities and by the bourgeoisie, they faced the supporters of the monarchist absolutism that enjoyed the support of the majority of English nobility. Its leader was Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658). The contest ended with the victory of the parliamentarians, the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of an authoritarian cut regime led by Cromwell. The English Parliament condemned the king to death and, to the astonishment of Europe, a monarch was executed in the public square.After some stormy years, which contemplated the monarchical restoration, in 1688-1689 the second English revolution took place, this time without bloodshed, in which, by decision of the House of Commons of Parliament, a political system was definitively established Based on the Parliamentary or Constitutional 

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Industrial Revolution Provides Millions Of Out-Of-Work Children With Jobs

After centuries of chronic unemployment, millions of small children across the United Kingdom saw their lives drastically improve when the Industrial Revolution at long last provided them with steady factory work regardless of age, size, or experience.

"Before the turn of the 19th century, frail boys and girls had no choice but to sit at home all day, playing with their younger siblings, just watching as another empty, unproductive week passed them by," noted British scholar William Donnelley said. "Once the Industrial Revolution began, however, any child able to fit inside a narrow mining shaft, or reach deep within a malfunctioning textile press, could venture out into the world and find himself a job."
Added Donnelley, "It was a time of unprecedented opportunity for the nation's 5- to 9-year-olds."
According to records, the introduction of machine-based manufacturing provided a desperately needed solution to England's toddler-unemployment epidemic. Out-of-work children, many of whom had struggled since birth to earn any kind of wage at all, were now afforded the chance to work seven days a week, up to 19 hours a day, in such competitive industries as iron-smelting and steel-tempering.
Not only was finding employment easier than ever for countless preadolescents, but the generous overtime available to them allowed boys and girls to catch up on years of experience they had lost while learning how to walk, nurse, or, in some unfortunate cases, attend several months of school.
"As a child of the time, it must have felt wonderful to be able to go to bed at night, confident in the knowledge that a job as a coal-boy, furnace operator, or even bore-grinder machinist awaited you the next morning," historian Russell Black said. "The sense of satisfaction and well-being all those orphans must have experienced week in and week out—it's hard to imagine."
"After all, there's nothing like a full-time job to help someone get back on his feet," Black continued. "Especially if he's lost one of them in a horrifying threshing accident."

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THIS JOB IS ABOUT:
Annika Sörenstam

What she had do?
She was a professional golfer,one of the most successful female golfers in the history.

The reason of that is because she had won 90 international tournaments as a professional, making her the female golfer with the most wins to her name.
72 of these tournaments was of the official LPGA (including ten majors)
She tops the LPGA s career money list whit earnings of over  22$ million-over 3$ million ahead of her nearest rival.
The cause that maked that we doed this job is because she was the first woman to play in a PGA tour event since 1945.

Biography
She was born 9 October of 1970 at Sweden.
Her childhood:
As a child ,Sörenstam was a talented all-round sportsgirl.
She was a nationally-ranked junior tennis player.
Played football in her hometown team Bro IK.
And finally she was a good skier
Then she started whit golf at the age of 12
She was retired at 2008.