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This is our activity

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Tested STM capacity with serial digit span method. Participants were given long lists of numbers and had to recall them in the right order. When participants fail on 50% of the tasks they have reached their capacity. He found the capacity was 9 numbers and 7 letters.

He found that STM capacity is limited

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One limitation of coding in the STM is that it says it is mainly acoustic. For example, if you eat a pizza you're more likely to remember the taste not the sound of you eating pizza. Therefore, it lacks applicability as some stimuli would be difficult to code acoustically and this offers no explanation as to how it would be coded.

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Tested to see whether coding in STM was semantic or acoustic.

75 participants were given 1 of 4 word list.
LIST A - acoustically similar words
LIST B - acoustically dissimilar words
LIST C - semantically similar words
LIST D - semantically dissimilar words

The participants were given the original words in the wrong order and they had to rearrange it to how it was.

List A only had 10% recall
List B had 85% recall
List C had 65% recall
List D had 70% recall

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Tested how long STM lasts without rehearsal. He found that you can recall 80% of Trigams after 3 seconds but only 10% after 18 seconds. (The test we did in class)

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All sensory memory stores have a limited duration however the actual duration of each store isn't constant.
RESEARCH
Walsh and Thompson found that the iconic sensory store has an average duration of 500 milliseconds which decreases as you get old. suggests that it's dependant on age.
Treismans also presented identical auditory messages to both ears of participants which a slight delay. This research shows that the Echoic store has a limited duration of 2 seconds.

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One strength of STM is that it has a limited capacity that can be increased by chunking. For instance, Miller (1956) reviewed research and found that the capacity was 5-9 items but the 'chunk' was the basic unit of STM. Therefore if you learn 5-9 chunks instead of individual things then the store's capacity has increased.

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a quantity or supply of something kept for use as needed.

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He identified that people have a digit span of 7 items (+/- 2). So in our STM we can remember between 5-9 numbers. Grouping items can enhance the capacity

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The duration of short term memory is only a matter of seconds. For example, Peterson&Peterson (1959) found that around 90% of trigrams were recalled correctly after 3 seconds but only 5% were remembered after 18 seconds. However, the results may lack validity due to flawed methodology. Recalling nonsense words lacks applicability to real life as it has little relevance to everyday tasks.

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Short-term memory is the capacity for holding, but not manipulating, a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time. Up to around 30 seconds.