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I can finish Psychography due Tuesday

Twins: Twins can be any one of the three main birth order types, therefore it is nearly impossible to describe them. However, what can be detected is which of the two children is the leader.

Common Leader Traits: Resemble first borns, aggressibe, loud, outspoken, opinionated, intolerant

Common Follower Traits: Resemble shy middle child, shy, longer, quiet, blend into the background, undefiant

Variables that impact birth order roles

Parents: Marital status, parenting style, critical eye of parent, parents' birth order, how strict the parent is

Gender: Double birth order

Separate families: More than a five year gap, start a 'new' family

Adoption/Remarriage: Bumped either up or down on birth order scale, all depends on age at the time and where other kids fall

Death of Parent/Sibling: Bump a child either up or down, have different effects when a parent dies, "Ghost" children.

Humanism

Humanists: People are mostly good

Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs, self-actualization which is realizing your full potential

Carl Rogers: People are basically good, unconditional positive regard, personal growth is influenced by those around, especially those who are genuine and caring. Self-concept influences your perception of the world-"Who am I?" (+ image=+ world, - image= - world)

Social Theorists

Social-Learn from those around us

Albert Bandura: Bobo doll, social modeling

Cognitive Theorists

Cognitive: Our thought patterns inflence personality

Julian Rotter: Locus of Control (Internal vs. External) Internal-what happens to you is based on your doing, External-What happens to you is beyond your control.

Martin Seligman: Learned Helplessness (Dogs)

Trait Theorists

Psychologists today are less concerned with theories on personality but with analyzing traits, their origin, and their impact on behavior

Gordon Allport: Interviews Freud-believes he ignores the conscious/obvious, studies fundamental/basic traits, believed their were 2800 traits, and concerned with describing personality not explaining

Cattell: 16 traits (Done by factor analysis)

Tupes/Christal: The big 5 trait dimensions is the mostly currently accepted personality theory (OCEAN)

Eysenck (Hans/Sybil): Many individual variations can be reduced to two or three genetically introduced dimensions, 3 traits: Extrovert/Introvert, Stability/Instability, and Neuroticism/Psychoticism

Walter Mischel: Peoples behavior appears consistent because of people's initial perceptions of them. Initial perception stand out and we view later actions as supporting how we "think" they are. Mean at first-we see them only doing mean things.

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I can learn birth order.

Alfred Adler: Believes problems stem from tensions in childhood social situations-Childhood feelings of inferiority.

We try to overcome these feelings of inferiority

Pros: Leads to trying harder

Negatives: Overcompensation-Inferiority Complex (I'm not as good as..)

Later Found Humanism

Ideas of birth order-impacts our personality.

Birth Order

Where you are born in a family can have an effect on your personality.

Oldest: Responsible, mature, high achiever

Middle: Easy going, friendly

Youngest: Immature, funny, baby-like

Only Child: Much like the oldest, can have difficulties sharing oldest/onlys and should marry "Middles"

First Born: Energetic, logical, ambitious, enterprising, scholarly

Middle Born #1: Loner, quiet shy, impatient, uptight

Middle Born #2: Outgoing, friendly, loud, laid back, patient

Last Born: Risk takers, idealists, good sense of humor, hard working, immature, attention seeking, secretive, sensitive

Only Child: Mature faster, get along well with older people, responsible, self-centered, perfectionists, attention seekers, use adult language, prefer adult company, have a difficulty sharing

# data[].attributes.body
I can describe Freud's Psychosexual Stages

Freud-Psychosexual Stages of Development

Oral Stage: (0-1.5) Pleasure Center in mouth, fixations-oral fixation, dependency

Anal Stage: (1.5-3.5): Pleasure Center in anus and elimination, frixations-anal retentive, anal expulsive

Phallic Stage: (3.5-6) Pleasure Center in genitals, jealousy of same sex parent, Fixations-oedipus complex=replace father and marry mother, Penis Envy=women's desire to posses same organ as men, Cinderella Complex=fear of independence and want to be cared for by opposite sex, Peter Pan Complex=desire to remain young forever

Electra Complex-Created by K. Horney: Replace mother and marry father

Womb Envy-Created by K. Horney: Opposite as penis envy.

Latency Period: (6-12) Lose interest in opposite sex ("Cootie" period)

Genital Stage: (Puberty) Full adult sexuality, must work on "fixations," Unresolved problems surface

Karen Horney: Gave Women a voice, tries to discredit Freud's opinion that women had weaker superegos and penis envy.

Basic Anxiety: Feelings of insecurity resulting from feelings of loneliness and isolation during childhood.

Ways of Coping with Anxiety:

Compliant (Submit to others)

Aggressive (Hostile towards others)

Detached (Withdraw from others)

Fraiser
Defense Mechanism 1: Denial-Fraiser refuses to see that his girlfriend Mia is basically just like their mom.
Psychosexual Stage 1: Phallic Stage-(Oedipus Complex) in the instance that the girl Fraiser's dating (Mia) resembles his mom and acts like a mom.
Psychosexual Stage 2: Anal Stage-Niles is showing Anal Retentive Misophobia/Germophobia

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I can define defense mechanisms.

Defense Mechanisms

Repression: Forgetting situations that would cause painful emotions

Denial: Rejection (Refusing to acknowledge) an intolerable reality

Rationalization: Substituting a more acceptable but false reason for one's behaviors (The teachers hate me, that is why I failed)

Reaction Formation: Modifying an anxiety causing-impulse by performing in ways opposite to one's true feelings

You hate someone but to their face like their best friend; you like a girl but pull her hair instead

Projection: Seeing one's personality traits, attitudes, or faults in others but not in oneself

Running out the door late but blame mom

Regression: Retreating to an earlier developmental level involving less mature responses

Boys when they are sick

Undoing: Atoning for and thus counteracting desires or acts that are regrettable (apologizing)

Sublimation: People re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities

Displacement: Shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person (Kick the dog)

Compensation: Covering up your weaknesses or frustration by over gratifying oneself in another area

Practice your sport instead of studying more because you struggle at school but are a good athlete

Fantasy: Gratifying frustrated desires in imaginary achievements (Daydreaming)

Identification: Increasing one's feeling of self-worth by identifying oneself with people or places of importance

Intellectualize: People use extensive vocabulary to explain relatively simple terms (Reid on Criminal Minds)

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Carl Jung Day!!!!!!

Freud (1856-1939):
Psychoanalytic Theory/Psychodynamic Theory
(Psyche-Mind +Dynamic-Energy = Personality)

Unconscious (Really important to Freud!!!!), he studied all men, very sexist, obsessed with sex (libido) and aggression, detailed dream analysis/wrote many books, and blamed mom for everything.

3 Structures of Personality According to Freud:

Id: Completely Unconscious Mind; Present at birth, Pleasure Principle!!!-all needs should be satisfied immediately or else unsatisfied needs cause anxiety. Wish fulfillment-forming a mental image of a situation that satisfies the instinct (eg: dreams)

Ego: Conscious Mind and Preconscious Mind; Controls thinking and reasoning, Reality Principle-safely and successfully meet needs of ID; If only had ID and EGO-Unsocial and Selfish (Whats missing? Morality/Conscience)

Superego: Sometimes Conscious, Sometimes Unconscious; Moral Watchdog, NOT present at birth, compares ego's action with "Ego Ideal"-Standard of excellence for ego to strive for.

Neo Freudian-Psychodynamic
Carl Jung: Used to Study under Freud. Disagreed with the importance he placed on Sex

Theory has 2 Unconscious: Personal (no man's land-if chosen), and Collective (Influential)

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I can understand projective vs. objective tests

Personality: The sum total of characteristics that classify someone as an individual
Role: This is a persona you play in society (ex-daughter, friend, teacher)
Self-Concept: Your view of yourself, 3 parts:

1. Body Self: Physical traits and abilities

2. Social Self: How others see you, you perform how people expect you to-self-fulfilling prophecy

3. Private Self: Your inner world, feelings and attitudes

2 Types of Tests: Objective vs. Projective (No right or wrong answers)

Objective Personality Test: From outside sources/paper tests

3 Types:

1. Interview: Directed (Structured), Non-Directed (Unstructured/Free Response)

2. Observation

3. Self-Interview: T/F-MMPI, Agreement Scale (Likert Scale), Adjective checklist, Aspects Rating (1-10)

Strengths?-East, fast, consistent scoring
Weaknesses?-Superficial, you can figure the tests out

Projective Personality Test: (From the inside-Personal)

3 Types:

1. Word Association Tests: Stimulus Worlds, can explain response

2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): Uses Pictures, Imagination, Henry Murray

3. Rorschach Test: Inkblots, What do you see?, created by Hermann Rorschach

Strengths? Individualized, In depth
Weaknesses? Test conditions can influence results, very subjective

# data[].attributes.body
I can begin to identify my persona.

5 Personality Qualities: Enthusiastic, energetic, cheerful, charismatic, giving
Sam's opinion: Hardworking, generous, determined, ambitious, creative