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12. Comparison: Why was Europeunable to achieve the kind of political unity that China experienced? What impact did this have on the subsequent history of Europe? 

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12. Comparison: Why was Europeunable to achieve the kind of political unity that China experienced? What impact did this have on the subsequent history of Europe? 

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Europe ha geographic barriers, ethnic and linguistic barriers and shifts in power among the states in Europe. Impacts include frequent wars, gunpowder revolution. They had an advantage over China in military. Willingness to borrow allowed Europe to catch up with China in agriculture, industry, war and sailing. Because of the values that were militarized far more in Europe than in China where they gave a greater prominence to scholars and bureaucrats. (Isolationism leads to the strengthening of traditional culture - China is an example of this).

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11. In what ways did borrowing from abroad shape European civilization after 1000?

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11. In what ways did borrowing from abroad shape European civilization after 1000?

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War, energy and agriculture,. Some examples include the horseshoe and the plow, three field system - allowed for greater food production and thereby an increase in population. Gunpowder from China and invention of canon aided in war but also increased war. Energy invention includes windmill. After the fall of Rome they lost connection with the Eurasian trading system. But when they borrowed money it helped to reconnect them to this trade. *Commercial Revolution - birth of banking system and revival of trade. Went to seek sources in Africa and Asia. Reintegration with Afro-Eurasia and trade.

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10. How did the historical development of the European West differ from that of Byzantium in the third-wave era?

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10. How did the historical development of the European West differ from that of Byzantium in the third-wave era?

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European west became less urban and Germanic peoples became more dominant. They attempted to mimic Roman Empire culture. European cities were smaller, technology was inferior, economy was less centralized than that of Byzantium.

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Fought between European Christians vs. Muslims/Jews over the holy land. Christians were trying to recapture it from the Muslims. Series of three wars in which the Christians lost all three. "Successful failure" they failed at their but it revived their trade/economy

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8. In what ways was European civilization changing after 1000?

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8. In what ways was European civilization changing after 1000?

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Growing population... agriculture expanded. Religious orders organized new villages. Trade began to revive (long distance)

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7. pp.476 What replaced the Roman order in Western Europe?

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7. pp.476 What replaced the Roman order in Western Europe?

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Beyonce: Germanic invaders replaced roman authority. (Visigoths, Franks, Angles, Saxons.) Feudal System. Charlemagne was the ruler of the Carolingian Empire. Decentralized governmental system. Manor System. Self-Sufficient.

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6. How did these links transform Kievan Rus

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6. How did these links transform Kievan Rus

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Vladimir was searching for a new faith that would unite the diverse ppl under his ruling. Adopted the cyrillic alphabet, architecture, intensive use of icons, monastic traditions, political ideas of imperial control of the church.

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Cassie: military, economy, culture/religion. Long-term struggle with Persian Empire. Trade with Eurasia. Commercial links with western Europe, Russia, central Asia, China, and Islamic world. Culture: preserved ancient greek learning and shared with islamic world. Byzantine religious culture spread to Slavic and the Balkans. Luxurious products such as jewelry, gemstones, textiles, gold/silver, purple dyes, were high in demand and therefore drew in more long-distance trade. Language - Alphabet.

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4. Eastern orthodox Christianity differed from Roman Catholicism:

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4. Eastern orthodox Christianity differed from Roman Catholicism:

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Beyonce: trinity - Eastern orthodox disagreed with Roman catholics about the nature of the Trinity, rituals - communion use of yeast, priests were allowed to marry and have long beards, and celibacy was not required of eastern orthodox. Church was treated as a government, Roman was independent from political authorities. Roman spoke Latin in liturgy and Greek orthodox spoke Greek. Blending of Greek philosophy with Christian principles.

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3. Byzantium Continuities and Changes of Roman empire:

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3. Byzantium Continuities and Changes of Roman empire:

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Beyonce: Continuities, carried on fear, political structure, roads, taxation, imperial courts, laws (Justinian's Code), Christianity, Hagia Sophia - Greco Roman architecture
Changes: Clothing, size of empire

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2. Comparison:Variations in African vs Asian Christianity pp. 465

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2. Comparison:Variations in African vs Asian Christianity pp. 465

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Jade- it was hard for Christianity to rise in Africa and Asia because Islam was already there.
Beyonce:  When muslim rulers see how Christians, they retaliated by removing Christian churches as they saw it as a threat
However, things changed dramatically when Mongol invaded. They were inclusive/religious tolerance.

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Christianity unfolded in various parts of the Afro-Eurasian world during the third wave era:

Beyonce: When the Roman empire fell it weakened the civilization the Byzantine Empire carried on. The practiced Christianity and therefore continued. It then expanded and spread to the rest of Europe and Russia
Alida: Force for unification or at least commonality amongst various groups throughout Afro-Eurasia