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Tesco
Dave Lewis wants the aim

Making it easier to live more healthily

to be achieved over the next three years.

1. With reference to the organisational structure, how could this be achieved and who will need to be communicated with and involved in making it happen?

2. How does this help Tesco achieve its core purpose?

Oxfam
Oxfam have a number of Goals to help them meet their overall purpose: 'to help create lasting solutions to the injustice of poverty."

1. How does their geographical structure help them to achieve their goals which contribute to their overall purpose?

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Our vision is a just world without poverty

We envision a world in which:

people can influence the decisions that affect their lives

everyone can enjoy their rights and assume their responsibilities as active citizens

all human beings are valued and treated equally.

In our fourth strategic plan, we set out an integrated approach to tackle poverty by addressing its complex and interrelated causes. By combining our hands-on experience in helping people in emergencies with our grass-roots development work and innovative campaigning, we offer a bold new approach to reducing poverty, hunger and inequality.

People at the heart

We know that the most effective solutions to poverty are found when people are able to exercise their rights to livelihoods and decent work, and when they can work together to increase living standards and reduce vulnerability. That is why people are at the heart of our strategy. In the act of joining people together, we are at our most effective.

Whether working with local communities, campaigning for change, or providing humanitarian relief, we're always going to be supporting people to claim their basic rights to life and security, and to a sustainable livelihood, and to essential services such as health and education. The rights to be heard and recognized are a fundamental part of human well-being that are grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations. We've made them fundamental to our work too.

Empowering women

When women have power, they can thwart the violence and exploitation that oppresses them. Human development is driven by empowered women. We will continue to place the highest priority on supporting women and girls to become leaders and to ensure that their roles in society and the economy are properly valued and recognized.

Campaigning for change

We will campaign to change the policies and practices that are shackling people from achieving their potential.

We'll tackle climate change by helping poor countries to resist having to pay the price for the rich world's history of dirty development. We'll help poor people adapt to shifting environmental conditions and ensure they are getting their fair share of scarce natural resources. We will work toward a sustainable global food system that provides enough for all.

Stronger together

This strategic plan governs the work of Oxfam's entire global confederation. We believe that we can help to achieve change by unlocking the great potential in this world to overcome new threats and achieve sustainable human development.

Together and only together can we do it.

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Oxfam Strategic Plan, 2013-2019 : The Power of People Against Poverty

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We envision a world in which: people can influence the decisions that affect their lives everyone can enjoy their rights and assume their responsibilities as active citizens all human beings are valued and treated equally. In our fourth strategic plan, we set out an integrated approach to tackle poverty by addressing its complex and interrelated causes.

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Tesco's core purpose: Serving Britain's shoppers a little better, every day.

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Task 2: Identify Tescos functional areas and write a description of each one, these are:
Finance; marketing; production; customer service; sales; human resources.
Task 3: In order for Tesco to be able to carry out its business activities, which functional areas have to communicate with each other, and why?

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Advantages and Disadvantages of five different types of structure. 

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Advantages and Disadvantages of five different types of structure. 

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Frynas & Mellahi (2015) defined the five structures followed by multinationa organizations to be international division structure, geographic division structure, product division structure and a matrix structure. Depending on the needs and the volume of the activities of a multinational company, a structure from these five may be utilized to run business activities in different countries. Some of these structures are centralized some are not. In the following discussion, I have provided the advantages and disadvantages of the five.

Advantages and disadvantages of functional structure

The functional structure is an organizational structure that divides its operations into separate departments or units according to the role of each department. For example the accounting activities of different operations are grouped in on accounting department. Speaking of a multinational organization, accounting activities from all the regional offices and the headquarters would be handled by one accounting department.

The advantage of functional structure is that the different functional units of the company get specialization in their specific operations and can carry these activities more efficiently. The disadvantage of this approach is that there is specialization within a unit in its specific activities but different units may find it had to work in collaboration with other units which could make the overall management of different units to be difficult.

Advantages and disadvantages of international division structure

In an international context, a division structure is utilized to break down the organization into many divisions and each division is responsible for a combination of functions. This is a more democratic structure where the divisions are free to make their own decisions based on their analysis of the situations.

The advantage of the division structure is that each division is performing their own set of functions, it is easy to manage and measure its performance. The managers of each division can be held responsible if something goes wrong.

The disadvantage of this approach is that each division my need professional managers to lead them. It could mean the allocation of more financial resources to each division. Different divisions may also develop rivalries with each other in order to get financial resources invested in them.

Advantages and disadvantages of geographic division structure

When a multinational corporation makes geographic divisions, they would delegate power downward to these geographic divisions which would enable timely decision making in accordance with the needs of the geographic area.

Employees in the same geographic division tend to develop personal relations with each other, which might be termed as an advantage as well a disadvantage. A disadvantage, because this could mean more communicating on division level but less communication on multinational level with headquarter and other subsidiaries.

Advantages and disadvantages of a product division structure

In this kind of structure, different divisions are made to handle different products. The advantage of the product division structure is that a division would get full expertise in handling a specific product.

The disadvantage of this organizational approach is that it can be difficult to measure, and the organization may end up with multiple resources as different divisions try to be autonomous.

Advantages and disadvantages of a matrix structure

In a matrix structure, the power is delegated on two primary basis, first is the functional are and the second is project to project. These structures are reported to be good for a productive resource coordination. The downside of this approach is that the roles of different people may change according to a change in the project. This could create a psychological stress among these individuals as an element of uncertainty would always exist.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of the five structures?

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Frynas & Mellahi (2015) defined the five structures followed by multinationa organizations to be international division structure, geographic division structure, product division structure and a matrix structure. Depending on the needs and the volume of the activities of a multinational company, a structure from these five may be utilized to run business activities in different countries.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of geographic structure

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A geographical structure groups employees around a specific region.

globe image by berkay from Fotolia.com

Organizational structure is the formal layout of a company's personnel. Structure clearly defines reporting relationships, decision-making authority, and the physical location of employees from various departments. A geographical organizational structure groups representatives from each functional department into units formed to serve a specific market or region. Geographical units can be highly effective if they are located within the regions they serve and employ workers from the local labor pool.

Communication and Collaboration

Communication between representatives of the different business functions is much more personal in a geographical organizational structure. Rather than having to establish working relationships with people on the other side of the world through email and telephone, employees in a geographical structure often work side by side with personnel from various departments. Grouping employees this way encourages the formation of strong, collaborative teams that work well together, engage in planning and decision-making together, and understand each other's personalities and work styles. An added advantage of this close working proximity is the ability of the team to adapt quickly to changes in divisional goals and processes, and to bring everyone on board with new strategic initiatives.

Local Managers

The ability to hire local management offers companies the advantage of having leaders who are completely familiar with the local business environment, culture, and legal climate. Local marketing managers understand exactly what drives local purchase behavior; local accounting managers understand the tax structure and financial reporting requirements of the region; and local staffing managers understand the management practices that are most effective in the region. Decision-making effectiveness can be enhanced by relying on the knowledge and experience of local talent. Placing a mix of local and home office leaders at the helm of a geographical unit has the advantage of melding local culture with company culture, ensuring that the company is sufficiently adaptable to local conditions, while still being true to its core business methodologies.

Geographical Focus

According to Lamar.edu, customer service quality can be enhanced by implementing a geographical structure. Customers can feel more at ease when speaking with local representatives who fully understand their language and idiomatic expressions. Customer support representatives will also have greater access to representatives from other functions, as mentioned before, which can allow them to handle customer issues much more efficiently. For example, in a functional structure, a customer support representative in India might speak with a customer from England, then call an account manager in Germany to obtain the information to help the customer. In a geographical structure, the support representative in India would speak with a customer from India, then ask an account representative down the hall for the needed information. Focusing all functions on one geographical area allows each department to operate with precision: product attributes can be altered to suit local tastes; workplace policies can be altered to fit local workers; marketing can be tailored to the specific market; sales practices can stay within culturally acceptable boundaries; and pricing schemes can fit local trends.

Performance Measurement and Strategy

Aside from operational advantages, a geographical structure offers strategic advantages as well. Tracking the performance of individual markets and work groups is simplified under this structure, as metrics such as revenues, profit margins, costs, and performance improvements can be tagged to specific regions. Home office executives have an invaluable strategic resource in their pool of local management talent; local managers from various departments can be consulted when making decisions, such as which new products to introduce, where to concentrate research efforts, and on which products or services to focus in different regions.

About the Author

David Ingram has written for multiple publications since 2009, including "The Houston Chronicle" and online at Business.com. As a small-business owner, Ingram regularly confronts modern issues in management, marketing, finance and business law. He has earned a Bachelor of Arts in management from Walsh University.

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The Advantages of Geographical Organizational Structure

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Organizational structure is the formal layout of a company's personnel. Structure clearly defines reporting relationships, decision-making authority, and the physical location of employees from various departments. A geographical organizational structure groups representatives from each functional department into units formed to serve a specific market or region.

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Some advantages include hiring local personnel that are of the same culture of many of the customers you may be serving. Local personnel can offer insight on local customs, business practices and behaviors as well as applicable laws and regulations. This can help with management and making decisions that will have a direct impact on the business. Having a geographical structure allows a group to be located within the region and fosters the building of relationships between personnel, employees and their local customers. Customers feel more comfortable speaking with their neighbors when seeking a service from a business as opposed to the other option of placing a call and potentially getting a customer service representative on the other side of the world that you might not be able to verbally understand due to language barriers and accents.

Within the structure, team building occurs as you work side by side with your fellow employees and develop positive work relationships. Collaborative teams can be formed. Local culture can be integrated with company culture achieving greater customer service quality. Home offices can pool from all the geographical areas for diversity which allow for a gathering of information from a larger group.

Some disadvantages of the divisional structure may include the duplication of personnel between home office and regional offices. There may be conflict and unhealthy competition between different areas. Also, it makes it more difficult to be consistent in core company beliefs from one area to the next. More flexibility is needed and if unable to have it might lead to frustration and a feeling of division within the company. This may be alleviated with using metrics for tracking the performance and profits of each region. If local managers are consulted in regard to decisions affecting the local region, cohesiveness is achieved.

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What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Geographical Structure?

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Answer (1 of 1): Some advantages include hiring local personnel that are of the same culture of many of the customers you may be serving. Local personnel can offer insight on local customs, business practices and behaviors as well as applicable laws and regulations.

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Hierarchical structure, tall structure, matrix structure, flat structure explained here at learn management2.com

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A Level and IB > > Tall Organisational structure

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P4 Explain how their style of organisation helps them to fulfil their purposes.

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P4 Explain how their style of organisation helps them to fulfil their purposes.

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P3: Describe how two businesses are organised.

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P3: Describe how two businesses are organised.

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1. Watch the video.

2. Follow the report structure and create your report for P3.

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BTEC Business Level 3 Year 1 Unit 1 The Business Environment P3

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Thank you for comment, like and for subscribing. For me to upload more great contents on this channel, which will help you. I am kindling asking you to buy my book on amazon/kindle. You can buy it by clicking this link https://goo.gl/IbDMl5 Be a star and help a student in need (I am struggling with university fees!)

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Follow this report structure for Tesco and Oxfam

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Follow this report structure for Tesco and Oxfam

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Functional areas.