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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): Supreme Court ruled that states were allowed to segregate by race so long as the state provided similar facilities to all.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Supreme Court said that segregated public schools did, in fact, violate the Fourteenth Amendment’s protections.

There are two key provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantee fair laws:
-Due process.
-Equal protection.

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Fourteenth Amendment was used to overturn several laws that overtly discriminated against a specific racial group, such as a ban on African Americans from serving on a jury.

These early moves toward equality were short-lived.

About half of the states had adopted Jim Crow laws by the late 1800s requiring racial segregation in places like schools, hotels, and public transportation.

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The Fourteenth Amendment did not grant citizenship to Native Americans.

Congress passed the General Allotment Act in 1887, which came to be known as the Dawes Act, for its champion, Henry Dawes.

Dawes Act aimed to give individual Native Americans all the benefits of land ownership and education.

The government would pay for schools where Native Americans could learn how to integrate into mainstream American society.

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Ratified almost immediately after the Civil War.

Longer and more complex than the Thirteenth Amendment and Fifteenth Amendment.

Granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States.

Guaranteed due process of law from all state governments.

Guaranteed equal protection of the laws from all state governments.