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Is one of the oldest disciplines of humanity, but it should also be noted that it has undergone a very complex development throughout its history.

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The ancient Greeks were the first to accumulate and systematize their knowledge, calling it "geographical", thus founding a new discipline. Strabo, Eratosthenes and Claudius Ptolemy were the ones who "classically" coined the term, beginning to develop theories and practices of what was understood at that time by geography.

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The Romans continued their work adding a new way of thinking based on data collection and techniques, Pomponio Mela was one of them.

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Represents a radical change in the conditions for the development of geographical knowledge. The classic knowledge was recovered and new territories and towns were also known. Very different authors intervene in the descriptive work of these new territories. The model that is followed is that provided by Strabo, whose work Geographiká is rediscovered and republished. At the same time it was also necessary to modify the cartographic image of the world.

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Is the first to collect on his map the known American lands of the Caribbean area.

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Ptolemy's work is corrected and expanded and later superseded by Mercator's Atlas, which also found new solutions to the problem of projecting the spherical surface of the Earth onto a flat surface.

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Geography is "the mixed mathematical science that explains the properties of the Earth and its parts." Varenio divided Geography into General and Special, the first studying the Earth as a physical and celestial body and the second "the constitution of each of the regions." In each region Varenio considered three types of properties: the celestial, terrestrial and human.

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The development of specialized Earth sciences took place, which meant a loss of content for geography as a general science. In short, geography is progressively distancing itself from the mathematical disciplines and the geographer identifies with the chorographic tasks or the description of countries and regions.

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Its university institutionalization took place, which had an enormous influence on its development.

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This discipline was consolidated as a fundamental part of the development of national states, achieving institutionalization in a large number of European universities, being recognized even until the end of the twentieth century, as one of the disciplines most important for the basic education of any citizen.

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The displacement experienced by different educational institutions in the world of a Geography closer to Earth Sciences or Social Sciences, reveals a slow but progressive systematic change in the discipline.