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Muawiya moved his empire to Damascus

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Massacre of Karbala

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Abd al-Malik constructed the Dome of the Rock mosque in Jerusalem

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Abd al-Malik unified the coinage of the empire

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The Battle of Tours that stopped the western Umayyad expansion in Europe

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Persian-Arab coalition from Khorasan, in eastern Iran, challenged the Umayyad dynasty and seized power over Muslim lands

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The Abbasid Empire takes down the Umayyad Empire

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Abd al-Rahman established his capital in the city of Cordoba

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Abbasids move their capital to Baghdad

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Construction on the Great Mosque of Cordoba

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Abd al-Rahman named himself caliph

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The Shahnameh (“Book of Kings”) was published

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Ibn Sina, known as Avicenna in the west, wrote the Canon of Medicine

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The Umayyads in Spain were replaced by other Muslim Dynasties.

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Seljuq Turkmen who had gradually moved into Abbasid territory, took control of Baghdad

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First Crusade

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Life of Ibn-Rushd

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The stories known as A Thousand and One Nights were first compiled and printed in Arabic.

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Moses Maimonides died

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Crusades ended

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Mongol invasion reached Mesopotamia

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Alhambra became fully decorated and completed.

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Muslims dynasties in Spain ended