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The science content that I have chosen to focus on is earth science with a focus on weather systems and patterns. I chose this content because after taking the 5th grade EOG myself, it became very apparent that I need to further explore this content area.

Earth science is the area of science that deals with the physical constitution of the earth and its atmosphere.

The smaller components of earth science include geology, oceanography, and meteorology. Meteorology is the component I will be focusing on as it covers the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, encompassing climate and weather systems.

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I have chosen to focus on 5th grade standards because this is the grade I have had the most experience with.

Earth Systems, Structures, and Processes

5.E.1 Understand weather patterns and phenomena, making connections to the weather in a particular place and time.

- 5.E.1.1 Compare daily and seasonal changes in weather conditions (including wind speed and direction, precipitation, and temperature) and patterns.

- 5.E.1.2 Predict upcoming weather events from weather data collected through observation and measurements.

- 5.E.1.3 Explain how global patterns such as the jet stream and water currents influence local weather in measurable terms such as temperature, wind direction and speed, and precipitation.

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Weather & Climate:

Weather - The state of the atmosphere.

Climate - The generally prevailing weather conditions of a region.

Seasons - The four periods of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) that are characterized by particular conditions of weather.

Latitude - The distance north or south from the equator of a point on the earth's surface, measured on the meridian of the point.

Equator - The great circle of the earth that is an equal distance from the North Pole and South Pole.

Hemisphere - One half of the earth. When the earth is halved at the equator, there are the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Weather Instruments:
Meteorology - The science dealing with the earth's atmosphere and its phenomena, including weather and climate.
Weather Vane - An instrument that indicates the direction of the wind.
Barometer - An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
Anemometer - An instrument that measures the speed of the wind.
Rain Gauge - An instrument for measuring rainfall.
Hygrometer - An instrument for measuring the water-vapor content from the atmosphere.
Thermometer - An instrument for measuring temperature.

Clouds:
Clouds - Particles of water or ice suspended in the air.
Altitude - The height of anything above sea level on earth.
Cumulus - A cloud characterized by dense individual elements in the form of puffs, mounds, or towers with flat bases.
Cirrus - A cloud characterized by thin white filaments or narrow bands and a composition of ice crystals.
Stratus - A cloud characterized by a gray horizontal layer with a uniform base.
Cumulonimbus - A cloud indicative of thunderstorm conditions characterized by large, dense towers with fibrous tops.
Nimbostratus - A cloud indicative of rain characterized by a formless layer that is almost uniformly dark gray.
Fog - A cloudlike mass of water droplets or ice crystals near the surface of the earth.
Overcast - When the sky is covered more than 95% by clouds.

Precipitation:
Precipitation - Falling products of condensation in the atmosphere.
Rain - Water that is condensed from the vapor in the atmosphere and falls to earth in drops.
Snow - A precipitation in the form of ice crystals formed from the freezing of water vapor in the atmosphere.
Sleet - Precipitation in the form of ice pellets created by the freezing of rain as it falls.
Hail - Precipitation in the form of ice pellets created by water freezing in the cold upper regions of the atmosphere.

Air Pressure:
Air Pressure - The force exerted by air on any surface in contact with it.
Convection Cell - A system responsible for the blowing of wind in which water vapor is warmed, loses density, and is forced into a region of greater density. The cycle repeats and a pattern of motion is formed.
High Pressure - A whirling mass of cool, dry air that generally brings fair weather and light winds.
Low Pressure - A whirling mass of warm, moist air that generally brings stormy weather with strong winds.

Air Masses & Fronts:
Air Mass - The body of air covering a relatively wide area exhibiting uniform properties at horizontal planes.
Humidity - The amount of water vapor in the air.
Continental Tropical - A dry air mass formed over land in areas close to the equator.
Continental Polar - A cold, dry air mass formed over land at high latitudes.
Maritime Tropical - A moisture-bearing and rain-producing air mass that forms over subtropical and tropical ocean waters.
Maritime Polar - An air mass coming from areas of high latitude that has picked up moisture from passing over warm waters.
Cold Front - The zone separating 2 air masses in which the cooler, denser mass is advancing and replacing the warmer.
Warm Front - A transition between a mass of warm air and the colder mass it is replacing.

Global Winds & Ocean Currents:
Wind - Air in natural motion, moving horizontally along the earth's surface.
Jet Stream - Strong, generally westerly winds concentrated in a relatively narrow and shallow stream in the atmosphere.
Prevailing Westerlies - The west-to-east winds that occur in the temperate zones of the earth.
Polar Easterlies - The east-to-west winds that occur in the polar zones of the earth.
Trade Winds - The east-to-west winds that occur near the equator caused by hot air rising with cool air moving in to takes its place from the north and south.
Gulf Stream - A warm ocean current flowing north from the Gulf of Mexico, along the east coast of the U.S., to an area off the southeast coast of Newfoundland, where it becomes the western terminus of the North Atlantic Current
El Nino - A warm ocean current of variable intensity that develops after late December along the coast of Ecuador and Peru and sometimes causes catastrophic weather conditions.
La Nina - A cool ocean current that develops off the coast of Ecuador and Peru, sometimes following an El Nino but causing nearly the opposite extreme weather conditions.

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Ms. Dilworth's 5th Grade
Weather: 5.E.1 - MS. DILWoRTH's 5TH GRADE (weebly.com)
This wonderful resource, created by a teacher, provides vocabulary words, essential questions, learning materials, practice materials, and more for each 5th grade NC Essential Science Standard.

JetStream - An Online School for Weather
JetStream (weather.gov)
This website has been put together by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to be used as a resource for educators. It features free "learning lessons" that can provide teachers with necessary content knowledge.

Teaching Climate by NOAA Climate
Teaching Climate | NOAA Climate.gov
This website has also been put together by the NOAA and features a section specifically devoted to teaching about climate. It offers resources for teachers to learn necessary content knowledge including visuals, videos, demos and experiments, and interactive tools. These resources could also be used in the classroom.

Severe Weather 101
Teaching Climate | NOAA Climate.gov
Yet another useful resource put together by the NOAA, this website offers a plethora of information about the different forms of severe weather. In addition to educating about severe weather, this website also offers free worksheets and activities for use by teachers.

Scholastic Weather Watch Teaching Guide
Weather Watch Teaching Guide | Scholastic
On this website, Scholastic offers an entire unit plan featuring full lesson plans with materials on weather patterns.

Kids' Crossing in the Classroom
Kids' Crossing in the Classroom: A Science Education Resource for Elementary and Middle School Educators (ucar.edu)
This resource is a jackpot for teachers. Kids' Crossing is a colorful and interactive website for students that extensively covers earth science concepts. It was designed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The link to this website can be found in the "Interactive Websites for Students" section. But, there's more! They have also published a free downloadable educator's guide to be used in conjunction with the interactive website. It offers strategies to combine the online learning with hands-on activities.

The Clouds Outside My Window
Slide 1 (weather.gov)
This presentation, which is in PDF form, was put together by a  National Weather Service Meteorologist and covers everything a student would need to know about clouds.

Scholastic Study Jams: Weather Instruments
Weather Instruments: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com
This website, put together by Scholastic, features "Study Jams" which are presentations with quick quizzes. This one covers the different kinds of weather instruments.

BrainPOP - Weather
Weather - BrainPOP
BrainPOP is a wonderful resource for teachers because it offers engaging animated videos, quizzes, games, activity sheets, and more. Their section on weather is no exception. In addition, they offer lesson ideas and connections to standards. The only downside is that you do have to pay to have an account. Many schools purchase this for their teachers.

Crash Course Kids
(2) Weather vs. Climate: Crash Course Kids #28.1 - YouTube
Crash Course Kids creates fun animated YouTube videos that can be a useful resource in the classroom. This video, in specific, discusses the differences between climate and weather. There are many others that are definitely worth checking out for this content area!

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NASA Climate Kids
Home | NASA Climate Kids
This website, created by the people at NASA, features articles, games, videos and more for children to explore and learn about the climate.

Smithsonian Science Education Center Weather Lab
Weather Lab | Smithsonian Science Education Center (si.edu)
This interactive weather lab created by the Smithsonian Science Education Center allows students to place themselves in the shoes of a meteorologist to make weather predictions. It is designed to model the complex interactions between air masses and ocean currents.

Kids' Crossing
Earth and Atmospheric Science Fun at NCAR Kids' Crossing (ucar.edu)
This vibrant interactive website goes hand-in-hand with the educator's guide mentioned under "teacher's resources". Students can explore the website to learn about different aspects of earth science. There are also links that students can access to other interactive websites and games, all collected for easy accessibility.

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Types of Precipitation (Water All Around Us) by Nadia Higgins
This book features colorful illustrations and teaches about rain, snow, sleet, and hail in fun lyrical writing. It even includes access to an online resource that puts the lyrics to music!

Next Time You See a Cloud by Emily Morgan
This book teaches about the different kinds of clouds with awe-inspiring photographs.

Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs by Judi Barrett
This classic and hilarious book tells the story of a town where the only weather experiences are raining food! Students would love it, and it could open up conversations about how weather affects our environment to make learning about weather more relevant.

Eye of the Storm: NASA, Drones, and the Race to Crack the Hurricane Code by Amy Cherrix
This book is part of the Scientists in the Field series and takes a look into the work of meteorologists and the ongoing innovations in storm forecasting.

Fly Guy Presents: Weather by Tedd Arnold
In this funny but informative  book, characters Fly Guy and Buzz take a trip to a weather station and learn about the different forms of severe weather. It also includes many captivating photographs.

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Quizzes:
Weather Instruments
Weather Instruments MCQ Quiz! Trivia - ProProfs Quiz
Types of Clouds
5E12 Predicting Weather Clouds | Earth Sciences - Quizizz
General Weather Knowledge
Weather Quiz - Questions & Answers, Rain, Snow, Wind, Climate, Fun Trivia for Kids (sciencekids.co.nz)
Wind and Air Pressure Systems
Science Quiz: Earth Science: Weather Forecasting (ducksters.com)
Seasons
Science Quiz: Earth Science: Seasons (ducksters.com)

Activities:
Weather Instrument Jeopardy
Weather Instruments Jeopardy Template (jeopardylabs.com)
Air Masses & Fronts Webquest
Air Masses & Fronts (4teachers.org)
Weather in a Cup Experiment
Weather In A Cup - Water Cycle by The Teaching Reef | TpT (teacherspayteachers.com)
My Weather Report Data Worksheet
My Weather Report | Worksheet & Printables | Scholastic | Parents
Cloud Science Project
Alice and LoisKids Cloud Science Project - Alice and Lois
Create Your Own Weather Vane Project
(2) How to Make a Wind Vane - School Project for Kids - YouTube