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Vibrio Cholerae

Name of Disease
Cholera

Symptoms
Electrolyte imbalance, low blood pressure, rapid heart beat, weight loss, loose skin and dry mouth, diarrhea (stool appears pale and milky), fatigue and weakness, nausea and vomiting, dehydration

Prevention
There is a vaccine against Cholera. Use bottled, boiled, or chemically disinfected water. Avoid raw foods, unpeeled fruits/vegetables, unpasteurized milk/milk products, fish caught in tropical reefs which may be contaminated. Control primarily focuses on surveillance, case detection, fluid resuscitation and management, vaccination, and provision of safe water and adequate sanitation. Two oral killed cholera vaccines are currently commercially available and approved by the World Health Organization

Who gets it/How acquired
Anyone can get it but mostly in poor sanitation areas, crowding, and famine municipal water supplies. Can be acquired from municipal water sources, food/drinks sold by street vendors, vegetables grown with water containing human wastes. People ingest water or food contaminated with cholera bacteria and feces of disease person is source of contamination.

Treatment
Salt solution, IV fluids, and antibiotics. Ideally administered within the first 3 or 4 hours of clinical presentation. Oral rehydration treatment should be encouraged among all individuals able to ingest, regardless of degree of dehydration, and regardless of potential ongoing administration of IV fluids. Lactated ringer's solution supplemented with 5% dextrose is an optimal choice for patients with cholera, although intravenous normal saline or normal saline supplemented with dextrose and potassium can also be used

Organized Presentation
Higher classification-Vibrio
Scientific Name-Vibrio Cholerae
Class-Gammaproteobacteria
Phylum-Proteobacteria
Family-Vibrioonaceae
Biological rank-Species

Understood Content
24-48 hour incubation period
Infections are asymptomatic
5% of infected patient will develop cholera gravis
Are gram-negative, highly motile curved rods with a single polar flagellum
Are sensitive to acid, and most die in the stomach
Its natural habitat consists of fresh-water and salt-water environments
Is a noninvasive intestinal pathogen
Is now endemic in more than 50 countries
The current pandemic is caused by V. cholera O1 El Tor organisms, with the largest burdens in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and H

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