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The Mayan Calendar is a a system of calendars used by the ancient Mayans. The Maya used 3 calendars, the Long Count, Haab, and the Tzolkin. Each calendar kept track of different things. Haab Calendar was a civil calendar and is very similar to our current calendar. The Tzolkin was a divine calendar and the Long Count Calendar was used to keep track of longer periods of time. A red flag that sticks out about the calendars is Ancient Wisdom. The Mayans have passed down these calendars through the thousands of years without any scientific proof of these dates meaning anything.

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The Long Count Calendar was used for keeping track of long periods of time. Mayans believe that the beginning of the last creation was on August 11, 3114 B.C. According to the Mayans, the world has gone through 4 recreations. Each time, the world is destroyed and reborn. The red flag of this theory is Ancient Wisdom. Science proves that this date is incorrect and proves that the world hasn't been destroyed 4 times over. Mayans have based their evidence off of wisdom past down.

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What we call the Mayan calendar is actually a set of three interlocking calendars, the sacred calendar of 260 days called the Tzolkin, the solar calendar of 365 days known as the Haab, and a Long Count calendar of much longer time periods. When the Mayans inscribed a date on a temple wall or a stone monument, they wrote the date using all three calendar notations. Every 52 years, the Tzolkin and the Haab come back in sync with each other. This was called a Calendar Round.

Tzolkin

The Tzolkin or sacred calendar consisted of 20 periods each with 13 days for a 260-day count. Each day had a number and a name, the numbers from 1 to 13 and 20 day names. When the 13 numbers were gone through, they began again, and the 20 day names continued. When the day names were gone through, they repeated, and the numbers continued up to 13. The cycles of 13 and 20 repeated until they came back to the first number, first name again in 260 days. The priests who kept the calendars used the Tzolkin to determine days for sowing and harvest, military triumphs, religious ceremonies and divination.

Haab

The solar calendar or Haab has 365 days made up of 18 months of 20 days each, which adds up to 360 days. The remaining five days at the end of the year is an unlucky, dangerous time known as the Wayeb. Mayans stayed home and neglected all activities during this time to avoid disaster. In the Haab calendar, a day is represented by a number in the month, then the name of the month. There were 19 month names, plus Wayeb for the dreaded five-day month, making 20 month names.

Long Count Calendar

In order to keep track of longer periods of time, the Mayans used the Long Count calendar. The Long Count counts all the days since the beginning, which the Mayans marked as August 11, 3114 B.C. The Long Count calendar is cyclical as each period of time will begin again, but it is also linear. Because it is linear, it can take into account dates far in the future or in the past. The basic unit of this calendar is the tun, a year of 360 days, the basic Haab year without the five-day Wayeb. Long Count dates are expressed in five digits. The five digits represent a kin (day), uinal (month), tun (year), katun (20 years) and baktun (20 katuns).

Mayan Dates

Most Mayan dates note both the day of the Tolzkin and the Haab calendar. For instance, a day may be marked as 2 Chik'chan 5 Pop, with 2 Chik'chan being the date in the Tzolkin calendar and 5 Pop the date in the Haab, being the 5th day of the month Pop. The next day would be 3 Kimi 6 Pop. When the Mayans inscribed a date on a stela, however, they also included the five digits of the Long Count calendar. Thus January 1, 2000 would be written 12.19.6.15.2 11Ik 10 K'ank.

For more in-depth information, see Living Maya Time or Calendars Through the Ages.

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What we call the Mayan calendar is actually a set of three interlocking calendars, the sacred calendar of 260 days called the Tzolkin, the solar calendar of 365 days known as the Haab, and a Long Count calendar of much longer time periods.

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THe Haab Calendar is a solar calendar, meaning it is similar to our calendar. The Haab consists of 360 days, the remaining 5 days are known as Weyab, these days are dangerous. One red flag of the Haab Calendar is confirmation bias. The Mayans believe the last 5 days of the year are dangerous because they aren't apart of a month. There are 18 months in the calendar consisting of 20 days each. Whether you chose to believe that the last 5 days are dangerous are up to you.

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The Tzolkin Calendar is a 260 day calendar that is considered divine and sacred. Each day of the month has it's own spirit. These spirits define you soul, character and destiny and also help you with your strength and weaknesses. Red flag is mystical energy. Mayans believe spirits give you mystical energy to help you as a person each day. Helping you build on your strengths and weaknesses. There is no scientific evidence proving that these spirits exist or even do anything for anyone.

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This date marked the end of the Mayan Calendar cycle and a beginning of a new world. Or so the Mayans thought. According to the Mayans, the Long Count Calendar would finish its cycle of 13 B'ak'tun's. A B'ak'tun is 394 years, and 13 of them marks a new creation. The red flag is Confusion of Causation and Correlation. People believe that since the Mayan Calendar is beginning a new cycle, the world is going to end. Science has proven that the calendar is just an ordinary calendar that has special dates that mean nothing. I

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The Lords of the Night are gods that rule over every ninth night. Each god is associated with a good or bad fortune. The Lords of the Night are apart of the Tzolkin Calendar. Red flags that are associated with the nine lords are confirmation bias and ancient wisdom. Mayans believe that these lords were responsible for giving good or bad fortune to them. These lords are a part of ancient wisdom.

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The Mayans used the Tzolkin Calendar to determine when to cultivate their corn. They believed that using the calendar and calculating the zenith transit days would help their corn grow and not wither. Red flag of using the calendar as a growth indicator is confirmation bias. Corn must be planted during Spring and harvest during Summer. Using and calendar and calculating the the position of the moon while planting has nothing to do with it actually growing.

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The Mayans preformed rituals every 260 days. One of those rituals being bloodletting. They used this ritual to contact their gods and royal ancestors. Red flag associated with bloodletting is ancient wisdom. These rituals were passed down from generations and come from elders in the Mayan tribe. They believe they will gain wisdom and be able to talk with Gods if they drain themselves of blood.

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The Mayans used human sacrifice to please their gods. Every 260 days, they would all come together to watch the ritual. A prisoner of war would have his heart cut out while still being alive. The Mayans considered this an offering to their Gods. The red flag of human sacrifice is ancient wisdom. They used this ancient power to contact their gods and please them so they may be rewarded. There is no scientific proof of these methods working and was only carried out because the King believed it was right.