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Since cows are ruminant animals they have 4 stomachs. Cattle swallow things that are pretty big and before it can pass on to the ruminant it has to be broken down. A lot of times cattle was graze a lot of grass while they can and then they regurgitate those larger particle and chew them down so that they can then be digested. Most of the time you will hear this called "chewing the cud".

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http://grafflandandlivestock.com Why does a cow chew her cud? The hay cows eat is hard to digest. They regurgitate it to break it down more by chewing it again.

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(15) 3 neonatal behaviors that typically follow birth of offspring of your species.

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(15) 3 neonatal behaviors that typically follow birth of offspring of your species.

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1) The calf will try and find the utter to milk
2)After the calf has received their colostrum they gain energy to try and move around.
3) Calf will stay near mother or will be put in hiding so that the mother can graze.

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(14) 3 maternal behaviors that typically follow birth of offspring of your species. 

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(14) 3 maternal behaviors that typically follow birth of offspring of your species. 

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1) The mother will lick the calf after she gives birth to it.
2) Will stand and allow the calf to milk.
3)The mother will loose her afterbirth and will usually eat on it.

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In this video it show how the cow will try and ride another cow in the herd this shows that the cow is in heat and ready for the bull.

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The hierarchy of cattle usually depends on the temperament of the animal, her age and her size. However I think that despotism dominance hierarchy is probable the most common. I feel that this is especially true when there is a bull in the pen with heifers. This could also be true in a pen of all heifers, there is typically one heifer that tires to be the dominant one especially when it comes to fighting over feed.

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Growing up I have always loved showing and working with cattle. Being the oldest in the family 4-H and showing cattle was something completely new and was definitely a learning process. Over the years my passion for cattle has continued to grow and I always love learning more about them. Both at home and at my job I work around cattle all the time. I think that it will be very interesting learning about their different behaviors. Learning about their behavior will be very useful and can help me learn more about how to get them to operate officially and be able to read what they are thinking.

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(3) Research study linking behavior to genetics in beef cattle.

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(3) Research study linking behavior to genetics in beef cattle.

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In this study they used German Angus and German Simmental cattle to conduct their research. What they discovered is that enzyme monoamine oxidase A and the coding gene play a major role in the cows behavior.

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The Milner Library proxy server will allow authorized individuals to use the indexes and databases when connecting through a computer off-campus.

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(4) Beef Cattle Feed Intake Heritability

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(4) Beef Cattle Feed Intake Heritability

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In this study they took post weaning calves and evaluated their feed intake. With this study they tested different breeds to determine if that would affect the results.

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The 50-60 days before the calf is born is a very sensitive period because this is the time where you need to insure the mama is given the right nutrients to ensure the calf will receive them to finish growing.
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-012/400-012.html

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(6) Operant Condition of urination in cattle.

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(6) Operant Condition of urination in cattle.

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JavaScript is disabled on your browser. Please enable JavaScript to use all the features on this page.

Highlights

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It is often assumed cattle are not capable of controlling defecation and urination.

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We tested if calves could be trained to urinate by classical or operant conditioning.

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Classical conditioning did not alter the frequency of urinations.

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Operantly conditioned calves urinated more frequently than controls.

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Operant conditioning could be used to train cattle to urinate in specific areas.

Abstract

The accumulation of faeces and urine in dairy barns is a cause of cattle and human health concerns and environmental problems. It is usually assumed that cattle are not capable of controlling defecation and urination. We tested whether calves could be taught to urinate in a location using either classical or operant conditioning. Twenty-four female Holstein calves were alternately assigned as treatment or control (experiment 1: n = 12, median age, range = 39, 31-50 days; experiment 2: n = 12, median age, range = 50, 29-64 days). Experiment 1 used classical conditioning, involving repeated pairing of entry into a stall and injection of a diuretic. During the training period (days 1-5) treatment calves were repeatedly placed in the stall (150 cm × 45 cm × 120 cm) and injected IV with diuretic (at 0.5 mL/kg BW) to induce urination. During the test period (days 6-15) calves were held in the stall for 10 min without diuretic injection, and urinations, defecations and vocalisations were recorded. The procedure was identical for control calves except saline was used in place of a diuretic. In the test period, the classically conditioned calves did not urinate more than controls (means ± SE: 4.3 ± 1.28 vs. 6.0 ± 1.41, for treatment and control calves, respectively). In experiment 2, calves were trained using operant conditioning. On training days, operant calves were placed in the stall, received IV of diuretic (at 0.5 mL/kg BW) and, upon urination, were released from the stall to receive approximately 250 mL of milk reward. On test days, calves were placed in the stall but did not receive the diuretic; calves that urinated received the milk reward but calves failing to urinate within 15 min were given 5 min "time out" and received diuretic the following day. Yoked controls were never given diuretic but held in the stall for the same amount of time and received the same "reward" or "punishment" as their matched operant calf the previous day. Urinations, defecations and vocalisations occurring in the stall on test days were compared between treatment calves and controls. Calves trained using operant conditioning had a higher frequency of urinations in the stall than their controls (means ± SE = 5.25 ± 0.95 vs. 2.32 ± 0.52). The results of our experiment show it may be feasible to train cattle to urinate in specific areas using operant conditioning.

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Operant conditioning of urination by calves

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JavaScript is disabled on your browser. Please enable JavaScript to use all the features on this page. * It is often assumed cattle are not capable of controlling defecation and urination. * We tested if calves could be trained to urinate by classical or operant conditioning.

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In this picture they are trying to show dominance on how has control.

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When bulls are interested in a cow they turn their nose up and start bellowing.

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In this operation you have the gates that wrap around to the chute. It is designed like this because cattle like to walk in circles cause it calms them. there is also gates along the way. That way once the cattle get past that point you can close it behind them so that they continue to move forward and don't have an option to back out. Then once they get to the chute they can be squeezed in to calm them down.

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(7) Sensory biases that prevent cattle from learning.

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(7) Sensory biases that prevent cattle from learning.

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Cattle don't have usually root underground for their food because they have their hoofs to scrape the ground to uncover their food.