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Measuring Secularisation: Secularisation in the UK (2) - the role that religion plays in political and social life. Some sociologists see secularisation as a process whereby religion has become disengaged from society rather than just being a general decline in individual beliefs and practices.

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77% of adults / 61% Non religious people believe that there are ‘things in life that we simply can’t explain through science’.

59% believe in existence of some kind of spiritual being, 30% believe in God as ‘ a universal life force’, 30% in spirits, 25% in angels.

52% think spiritual forces have some influence on earth or in the natural world.

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Three responses to modernisation:

1. Secularisation– marginalisation of religion.

2. Liberalisation– religion an individual   choice which doesn’t inform the state.

3.Fundamentalism– a religious (theocratic)   state.

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-Believes religion performs an ideological function as it encourages people to accept status quo
- A way of legitimising the treatment of society

- Believes religion will decline when capitalism is overthrown.
Critic of Marx
- comparisons between marx ans hat5 traditional religions say - for example

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WorldRejecting Religions World Accommodating Religions & World Affirming Religions. (Wallis 1984)

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- Believes religion provides a sense of moral community through binding people together. ( influenced by Comte)

- Believes the aspect of “god” is declining

- found that people separate sacred objects/ rituals from everyday objects and routines ( which are the profane) because they have a special power

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The Spiritual  Revolution. Why is Giving Way to Spirituality 

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The Spiritual  Revolution. Why is Giving Way to Spirituality 

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Debate about the continuing significance of spirituality - Heelasand Woodhead (2005) and others.

Drive in Western culture to individual autonomy, self expression and self actualisation .

Seen in popularity of psychological therapies.

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Religion forms a Sacred Canopy  (Berger 1969)

Overarching framework of meaning

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Timeline-
1st century: Christianity and its values were spread around Europe
1500s- everyone in England practiced the Roman Catholic religion which were questioned during the Reformation 
1800s- the protestant branch of christianity (church of England) was hostile towards Catholicism- Catholic Emancipation caused Catholics to have more religious liberty
1851- 40-60% of people attended church and this was a decline from 76.9% of the population being religious 
1900s- 29% of the adult population after WW1 were religious 
1921-1927- rose by 3%
2008- church attendance in the UK was 960,000 (BBC)
2011- largest religious group is christianity with 59.3% of the population and Muslims being the second largest group at 4.8%

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Timeline-
1st century: Christianity and its values were spread around Europe
1500s- everyone in England practiced the Roman Catholic religion which were questioned during the Reformation 
1800s- the protestant branch of christianity (church of England) was hostile towards Catholicism- Catholic Emancipation caused Catholics to have more religious liberty
1851- 40-60% of people attended church and this was a decline from 76.9% of the population being religious 
1900s- 29% of the adult population after WW1 were religious 
1921-1927- rose by 3%
2008- church attendance in the UK was 960,000 (BBC)
2011- largest religious group is christianity with 59.3% of the population and Muslims being the second largest group at 4.8%

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- religious belief is organised around sacred objects
- 'ultimate higher power' to whom people are devoted to
- hopefulness-
stats often recognise organsied religion however Durkheim and other sociologists refer to all religion - and affiliations
i.e calvinism