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Painting- Surrender of General Burgoyne (1777 October) (Janice Chau)

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Painting- Surrender of General Burgoyne (1777 October) (Janice Chau)

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The painting depicted the surrender of John Burgoyne, the British General. He and his troops surrendered at Saratoga, New York on October 17, 1777. This British surrendered after losing in the battles with America in Saratoga in September 1777. The British troops faced a serious casualties and loss which there would be more deaths if they didn’t surrender. This painting by John Trumbull depicted General John Burgoyne gave his sword to General Gates. However, Gates refused to take the sword from General Burgoyne in order to show his respect. In the painting, American officers were also included at the sides to witness the surrender and their uniforms have shown that they're in different positions. This painting has shown more peace between the British and American rather than opposition or violence since all weapons were sheathed. After British surrendered in 1777, there was once a relieve between the intensive relationship between Britain and America which both troops were more peaceful. However, this didn’t continue for a long time as there were more battles afterwards. The surrender didn’t only affect Britain and America, but also France because it decided to support America by providing funds, military such as troops and weapons support.

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Printed document- treaty- Articles of Confederation (1781 March) (Janice Chau)

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Printed document- treaty- Articles of Confederation (1781 March) (Janice Chau)

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This is the printed document of the Articles of Confederation in 1781 and it’s the first constitution of the United States. This document was established by the government of thirteen states. The colonies wrote about this agreement because it is necessary to have written down the rules that all the thirteen states agreed to. This agreement gave the right for the states to build troops, print bills, establish their own laws, etc. The union is named “The United States of America”, and the thirteen state government have their own and equal power which they are able to protect each other from attacks. However, even the establishment of these agreements, the states didn’t have enough power to raise money through collecting taxes because of the suppression from Britain. The society at that time after this article has linked people of the thirteen states together because they were considered as one union. They got to protect other states from the attack from Britain and they got the same intention, to be an independent country. The change after the establishment of the Articles of Confederation is that people fight as one union and pursue the same goal, this made them more united and willing to help each other out because they understood that it’s never good when one’s allies got attacked. The continuity continues till nowadays that the United States of America is still one united country with different states united together.

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Painting- Battles of Lexington and Concord (April 1775) (Janice Chau)

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Painting- Battles of Lexington and Concord (April 1775) (Janice Chau)

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This painting by William Barnes Wollen marks the battle of Lexington and Concord in April 19, 1775. This is the first battle that involves a gun shot since the Revolution started. The British troops were forced back to Boston in order to stop the battle. When they were going back, the American snipers attacked which caused more than 250 deaths in the British troops and more than 90 deaths in the American troops. The society and philosophic thought of people at that time has changed their mind towards this issue that they realized violence should be involved in order to solve the problem. Having the first gun shot meaning that there will be more violence in this movement. The continuity and change of this issue is that the use of weapons like guns have continued throughout the battle which has caused around 17,000 deaths. The battle of Lexington and Concord also changed the society’s attitude towards this revolution because it has turned a peaceful movement into a more violent one.

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Paintings- Patrick Henry’s Speech (March 1775) (Janice Chau)

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Paintings- Patrick Henry’s Speech (March 1775) (Janice Chau)

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This is a drawing of Patrick Henry giving the speech in 1775. Patrick Henry was an American orator which he often gave speeches about issues in the society. This drawing depicted the situation when Patrick was giving the speech about "Give me liberty, or give me death." This is a famous speech of him that he mentioned about the importance of freedom in a society as well as country. The causal triangle occurred after this speech because he helped to pass the convention about a resolution on whether the Virginian troops should be delivered for the Revolutionary War, increasing the winning probability of the American side for the battle. This speech has caused both continuity and change in the society. The speech directly affected the result of a convention because it is the main factor that the Virginian troops were eventually distributed to help in the battle. This also leads to continuity in people’s belief because that speech showed how liberty is as important as one’s life, thus people know the significance and it continues even nowadays that people focus on liberty. For example, there are laws about liberty in order to protect everyone’s rights. In modern history, there was a movement took place in Hong Kong in 2014 which people fight for the liberty to vote for their own leaders, just as what Americans do. However, they failed at last due to the refusal from the Chinese government. The result was different from "Give me liberty, or give me death”, instead it created more conflicts between Hong Kong and China.

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Printed document- pamphlet: Common Sense 1776 January (Janice Chau)

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Printed document- pamphlet: Common Sense 1776 January (Janice Chau)

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"Common Sense" is a pamphlet written by a British-born American politician named Thomas Paine in 1775. He criticised the concept of hereditary monarchy and mentioned that the United States can follow one of the two ways, either they can continue to yield under the control of the tyrant and the stale government, or to enjoy the freedom and happiness brought by a self-sufficient independent country. The author was inspired by the conflict between England and North America since he hoped that North America can gather together and build a country with freedom instead of blindly following behind England. The social conditions of the time changed a lot that this pamphlet went viral and many people at time time bought it. This made the people even more desire to make a change in the society and overthrow the domination of England. The continuity and change after this pamphlet is that people’s attitude towards being a colony of another country started to change and they realized the importance of having a country with freedom and independence. The continuity that this artifact brought has affected even American nowadays, in 2018. Americans value freedom a lot that there is a belief that everyone is equal, despite their age, gender, sex orientation, etc. This artifact not only affected North America, but also countries in Europe such as France and Spain because Thomas Paine mentioned that these two countries might help Britain to defeat America when resistance happens. The revolution has lead to different impacts on other groups around the world. The American Revolution has affected France. The French citizens rebelled in 1789 because they saw the Americans as a reference. They published the declaration of the Rights of man and the Citizen, as well as the modeled part of the Declaration of Independence.

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Welcome to the Ontario History Museum! In this museum, visitors will take one step closer to the American's history, more specifically the American Revolution, from the perspective of a Canadian's museum. In this padlet, visitors can know more about the artifacts of the American Revolutionary War. The artifacts show in copies of letters, treaties, paintings and diagrams. Those artifacts also show the cause, consequences and impacts of the war. The American Revolution started in  1765, which was triggered because  Americans wanted to leave the domination of the United Kingdom (Britain) at that time. As early as 1651, the British government was strict towards trading in the Thirteen Colonies (Some British colonies in North America, including places of Canada and the Caribbean, and the Florida. War happened between America and England and was lasted for eight years. The war began in Massachusetts, which also affected many other parts of the continental United States. In 1781, the British army surrendered in Virginia, but the war continued for two more years without any results. On April 15, 1783, Britain and America signed the Treaty of Paris, which the importance of independence, sovereignty, and freedom of the 13 colonies of North America were mentioned, this marked the end of revolution and the establishment of a new country, the United States.

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Sculpture- Philadelphia Powder Horn 1770 (Jessica Wong)

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Sculpture- Philadelphia Powder Horn 1770 (Jessica Wong)

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The profuse decoration on this engraved powder horn (circa 1770) includes a view of Philadelphia’s busy waterfront on the eve of the American Revolution. During the 1760s and early 1770s, urban populations in places like Boston, New York, and Philadelphia played an important role in protests against British taxation and coercive measures that eventually led to armed revolt.

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Trumbull, John. “Surrender of General Burgoyne”. Architect of the Capitol. 2018. https://www.aoc.gov/art/historic-rotunda-paintings/surrender-general-burgoyne

Gibson, Mel. “Declaring Independence”. Digital History. 2018. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/active_learning/explorations/revolution/revolution_declaringindependence.cfm

Cruise, Kenneth. “British and French Swords”. Amrev Museum. 2018. https://www.amrevmuseum.org/collection/british-and-french-swords

Shea, Marilyn. “Common Sense”. Reading Revolutions. 2018. http://hua.umf.maine.edu/Reading_Revolutions/Paine.html

Stokesbury, James. “BURGOYNE, JOHN.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 2018. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/burgoyne_john_4E.html

Sprague, D.N. “American Revolution”. The Canadian Encyclopedia. March 2015. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/american-revolution

Green, George. “The Treaty of Paris, 1783”. Cultural Studies Center. 2018. http://www.nccsc.net/archives/poetry/poems/treaty-paris-1783

Gaur, Aakanksha. “Boston Tea Party”. Encyclopedia Britainnica. 2018. https://www.britannica.com/event/Boston-Tea-Party

Trevor. “British Surrender at Saratoga”. Fold3. October 2015. https://blog.fold3.com/british-surrender-at-saratoga-october-17-1777/

MACRON, EMMANUEL. 2018. “A New Breed of Multilateralism: THE UNITED STATES INVENTED THIS MULTILATERALISM.” Vital Speeches of the Day 84 (6): 132–36. library.brontestudents.ca/databases

Beard, Rick. 2017. “Museum of the American Revolution, Philadelphia, Pa.” Journal of American History 104 (3): 737–43. library.brontestudents.ca/databases

Petersen, Tony. 2017. “The Spirit of Party: John Adams, Jonathan Sewall, and the Role of Republican Ideology in the Coming of the American Revolution.” Historian 79 (2): 301–23. library.brontestudents.ca/databases

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Propaganda- Quebec sovereignty movement 1960~1998 (impact) (Jessica Wong)

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Propaganda- Quebec sovereignty movement 1960~1998 (impact) (Jessica Wong)

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After the revolution, most of the royalist escape to British North America which is a part of Canada. French is the first language in British North America, but after those royalist came, they change the culture. They made a cultural differences between English and French. And this culture differences lead to the start of Quebec sovereignty movement.

Title of poster : Masters at Home (translation)

year : 1962

Poster used by the Liberal Party of Quebec during the electoral campaign of 1962.

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Printed document- treaty- Treaty of Paris (1783) (Jessica Wong)

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Printed document- treaty- Treaty of Paris (1783) (Jessica Wong)

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Happened on 3rd September 1783, American and British met at Paris and signed this treaty. According to the peace treaty, the United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the United States, but only recognizes the America occupation some of the place. Stop every hostilities actions and withdrawn all seas and army. This treaty marked the end of this revolution which has lasted for eight years.

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Printed document- United States Declaration of Independence 1776 (Jessica Wong)

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Printed document- United States Declaration of Independence 1776 (Jessica Wong)

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This declaration is established because American wanted to tell British that they are an independent country and should not be controlled by anyone. And the day(4 July) that declare has become the independence Day of America. This declaration affected by Enlightenment and Republicanism, such as the natural rights is included in the declaration.

This image is a version of the 1823 William Stone facsimile — Stone may well have used a wet pressing process.

Nowadays, Americans have celebration on July 4 every year to mark this important day.

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Paintings- Boston tea party 1773 (The Destruction of the Tea in Boston) (Jessica Wong)

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Paintings- Boston tea party 1773 (The Destruction of the Tea in Boston) (Jessica Wong)

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This is the start of American Revolutionary War. If there is no Boston tea party, the war won’t happened and American can’t be independent. This is one of the milestones in the American history. This event organized by “Sons of Liberty”, they planned to pull all the tea into the sea from British East India Company’s ship. They hold this event because people angry about the tea tax, people think “No Taxation Without Representation”. Believing that British have no right to control them.

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Printed Document- News Article-Stamp Act 1765 (Jessica Wong)

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Printed Document- News Article-Stamp Act 1765 (Jessica Wong)

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This stamp act 1765, which taxed Americans for stamps printed on every government. British wanted to implement this act in America, which stimulated the public to have the idea to overthrow the British Government. After this event, more and more people wanted to be independent from British and build their own country.