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1) Understanding Cholesterol Levels: LDL, HDL, Total Cholesterol, and Triglyceride Levels. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/cholesterolmanagement/guide/understanding-numbers#1
2) Why Do Doctors Monitor the Concentration of LDL & HDL? (n.d.). Retrieved fromhttps://www.livestrong.com/article/144497-why-do-doctors-monitor-the-concentration-of-ldl-hdl/
3) Kamps, A. (2018, December 09). How Do LDL and HDL Differ Structurally and Functionally? Retrieved March 11, 2019, from https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/ldl-hdl-differ-structurallyfunctionally-2003.html
4)Can lifestyle changes benefit your cholesterol? (2018, August 11). Retrieved fromhttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/reduce-cholesterol/art-20045935
5) HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol Test. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 19, from https://www.healthline.com/health/hdl-test
6) Can lifestyle changes benefit your cholesterol? (2018, August 11). Retrieved fromhttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/highbloodcholesterol/indeh/reducecholesterol/art20045935
7) Risk factors. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2019,fromhttps://www.worldheartfederation.org/resources/risk-factors/

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How are concentrations of LDL and HDL associated with the risk for heart disease and associated disorders?

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How are concentrations of LDL and HDL associated with the risk for heart disease and associated disorders?

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Plaque build up on the arteries from LDL and HDL can result in atherosclerosis. Also the hardening of the arteries can lead to heart disease.

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Why do doctors monitor the concentrations of LDL and HDL in patients' blood?

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Why do doctors monitor the concentrations of LDL and HDL in patients' blood?

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LDL and HDL are both used to help evaluate the patient's risk of heart disease and other various diseases.

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HDL is known as the good cholesterol and it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to the liver. LDL is known as the bad cholesterol and it carries fat molecules around the body in the extracellular water. They are both lipoproteins that help the body.

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How can a patient change their HDL and LDL levels to be more healthy?

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How can a patient change their HDL and LDL levels to be more healthy?

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The most important thing is diet. Foods high in Omega 3 (walnuts, canola oil and eggs) or whey protein (milk) are really helpful in improving HDL levels. To lower LDL, a diet should consist of no trans fats and reduced saturated fats. Exercise can also improve cholesterol levels.

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How do trans fats, saturated fats and unsaturated fats affect cholesterol levels?

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How do trans fats, saturated fats and unsaturated fats affect cholesterol levels?

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Both saturated fats and unsaturated fats can increase HDL levels. Saturated fats and trans fats however also increase LDL levels. Trans fats are horrible for cholesterol levels and shouldn't be consumed regularly. Saturated fats should be limited as they also increase LDL levels but not eliminated as LDL is needed for basic function. Unsaturated fats are the best for the body but should not be overconsumed.

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How do LDL and HDL differ structurally and functionally?

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How do LDL and HDL differ structurally and functionally?

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The main structural difference between LDL and HDL is their composition.
LDL: 50% cholesterol
25% Protein
(We know it doesn't add up to 100% because both LDL and HDL are composed of different things but for the relevance of this project we only put cholesterol and protein.)
HDL: 20% Cholesterol
50% Protein
Low-density lipoproteins and high-density

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What other molecules in a patient's blood are monitored with LDL and HDL?

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What other molecules in a patient's blood are monitored with LDL and HDL?

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Triglycerides along with blood sugar level and total cholesterol is measured. Triglycerides can cause heart diseases and blockage of the vessels in the body. Blood sugar levels could indicate that there is a risk of diabetes or similar diseases.

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What do the results of a cholesterol test indicate and how do people interpret their results?

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What do the results of a cholesterol test indicate and how do people interpret their results?

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A patient should hope to have their HDL levels be at least 40mg/dL and it would be best hovering or higher than 60mg/dL. LDL levels should be less than 129 mg/dL. These values matter less than the overall risk of a cardiovascular disease.